中学生でも検証できる「日本語の起源」

【第二部】 Nature 論文 2021/11/10 「言語学：トランスユーラシア語族のルーツは農業にあった」の検証　の DB file

• Nature 論文　提示の 349 語彙 (in SI 23 DB) の古代インド語再検証　---　in 別 file_2
　　|--- • DB : 21_SI 23_agropastoral.xlsx の シート「Japonic」 の写し 　379 個の語彙　data base　---　この file
　　|--- • Supplementary Information 5 の写し 　補足資料 5　　--- ★古代インド語情報付き version★　---　in 別 file_2
本 web ページは、Microsoft の freeware エディター VSCode VSCode (Visual Studio Code /ブスコード/) で書きました。

This file = Grimm's_Law_in_J_20_B_3.html 　（これは、ビルマ file_3 です。）　　親 file = Grimm's_Law_in_J_20_B_2.html （ビルマ file_2　=【第二部】本体）
Link. インド弁と東北弁 , 沖縄弁 , インド語・カンガルー（航空母艦）

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DB : 21_SI 23_agropastoral.xlsx の シート「Japonic」

ヘッダ行　　　---　c. 「NR」とは、多分 Not Reported.(?)　　コメント英文 data 部は色を換えた。
⬢Gloss | *Proto-Japonic（推定日本語祖語） | Kagoshima（鹿児島） | Kami-Koshiki（上甑島（かみこしきしま）） | Tanegashima （種子島）| Yakushima（屋久島） | Satsuma Peninsula （薩摩半島）| Miyazaki（宮崎）| Kumamoto（熊本） | Ōita（大分） | Fukuoka （福岡）| Saga（佐賀） | Fukue（福江） | Nagasaki（長崎） | | Old Shuri（古代・首里） | Naze（名瀬） | Yamatoma （ヤマトマ） | | | Asama (Tokunoshima) （浅間［徳之島］） | | | Mugiya-higashi (Yoron Island) （麦屋・東［与論島］） | | | Yonamine (Nakijin-son, Northern Okinawa) （与那嶺［今帰仁村・北沖縄］） | | | Sesoko（瀬底［せそこ］） | Shuri (Southern Okinawa) form 首里［南沖縄］| | | Hirara by Aleksandra （平良 by ｱﾚｷｻﾝﾄﾞﾗ）| Tarama by Aleksandra（多良間 by ｱﾚｷｻﾝﾄﾞﾗ） | Hatoma by Aleksandra（鳩間 by ｱﾚｷｻﾝﾄﾞﾗ） | Hirara（平良） | Nagahama（長浜） | Ikema（池間） | Ōgami（大神［おがみ］） | Tarama（多良間） | *Proto-MY（Proto宮古）| Ishigaki（石垣） | Hatoma（鳩間） | Hateruma（波照間） | Kohama（小浜） | Taketomi（竹富） | *Proto-YM（Proto八重山?） | Yonaguni（与那国） | *Proto-SK（Proto??） | *Proto-RK（Proto琉球） | Old Japanese（古代日本語） | Notes
次行 | Form | | | | | | | | | | | | | source | Form | | Form | Meaning | Source | Form | Meaning | Source | Form | Meaning | Source | Form | Meaning | Source | | Form | Meaning | Source | | | | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form | Form |
以下　各内容行　（379 エントリ）
1
⬢acidic | *su- | sui | ɕiːka | | | | suiː | suika | suiː | suika ~ ɕiːka | ɕiːka | suppaka | suppaka | | şiisaN | sɨsan | sïïsari | sour | Osada & Suyama 1977: 330 | sjɨɨhai | sour | Uwano 2018b: 171 | siisjaN | sour | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 228 | siiseN | sour | Nakasone 1983: 172 | ɕiːɕen | siisaN | sour | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 471 | | | ɕiːjan | su:munu / suv | si:si | NR | NR | sïfusal | *sub- | sïsanu | NR | ʃiʃahaN | so:hanu | ʃi:sa | *su- | c'jaN | *su-? | *su- | su |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | suvkaz | sɨfɕaːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2
⬢age | *təsi | toɕ | toːɕi | | | | toɕi | toɕi | toɕi | toɕi | toɕi | toi | toɕi | | tusi | tusɨ | thusi | age, year | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 111 | tusɨɨ | age, year | Uwano 2018a: 142 | tusi | age, year | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 353 | tusii | age, year | Nakasone 1983: 312-3 | tuɕiː | tusi | age, year | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 533 | tusɨ | tusɨ | tuɕi | tusï | tusï | tusï | tusï | tusï | *tosi | tusï | tuʃi | tutsï | tusï | tuʃi | *tosi | tuci | *tosi | *tosi | to2si |
3
⬢animal | *kai-mənə | ikimon (animated creatures, includes people) | ikimon | | | | | | ikimon | | | | ikimon ~ ikimono | | Ɂicimusi | | ɁikimuN | animal | Osada & Suyama 1977: 831 | Ɂikimusɨɨ | animal | Uwano 2018a: 321 | ikimusi | animal | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 57-8 | hicimusii | livestock (especially cattle, horses, goats) | Nakasone 1983: 436 | | Ɂicimusi | animal | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 247 | | | | ikïmusï | itsïmusï | itsïmusï | ikïmusï | ikïmusï | *ekimosi | ïkïmusï | ikimuʃi | isïïmusï | ikïmusï | iʃu:ʃa: | *ekimosi | itimuci | *ekimosi | *ekimosi | ke2mo2no2 | OJ has ke2mo2no2 and ke2damo2no2 for beasts and domesticated animals
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔikimuɕi | | | | iksɨmusɨ | iksɨmusɨ | ikimuɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | kedamon | | | | | kedamon (four-legged animals) | | | | kedamon | | | | | kɨdamun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | jotsuaɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | doːbutsu | doːbutsu | doːbutsu | | doːbutsu | doːbutsu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
4
⬢ant | *ari | suai | suai | | | | ijari (archaic); arimage (new), arima; sugari | ijari | ari | ari; iari (Buzen); sugari (Chikugo) | ai | ari | ari | | ʔai / ʔaiko: | | Ɂami | ant | Osada & Suyama 1977: 877 | Ɂamii / ɁaNzjo | ant | Uwano 2018b: 149, 151 | aNku | ant | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 46 | ʔai / ʔaikʔoo | ant | Nakasone 1983: 2,3 | aikoː | ʔai / ʔaikoo | ant | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 105 | aːz | akal | aːru | a:ï | aka:l 8"red ant9" | NR | aï | akal 10"red ant16" | *ari | a:ra | a:ru | arï | a:ra | ai | *ari | aya | *ari | *ari | ari |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | undʑoː (winged ant) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ami | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
5
⬢apparition | *mansi-mənə | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mazimuN | | mazimuN | poisonous snake | Osada & Suyama 1977: 852 | mazjuN | terrestrial snake (generic) | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 176 | | | | maziimuN | demon, ghost | Nakasone 1983: 518 | madʑimun | mazimuN | demon, spirit | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 365 | madzɨmunu | madzɨmunu | madʑimunu | madzïmunu | madzïmunu | NR | makïmunu | mazïmunu | *mazimono | madzamunu | madzimunu | madzamunu | NR | madzu:nu | *mazimono | madimunu | *mazimono | *mazimono | mazimo2no2 "curse" |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | juːriː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | bakemon | | | | | bakemon | bakemon | bakemon | bakemon | | bakemon | bakemon | | | bakɨmun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | okamen | | | | | | | | juːreː | | juːrei | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
6
⬢arrow | *ya | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ya: / Ɂiya | | Ɂja(a) | arrow | Osada & Suyama 1977: 686 | (Ɂ)jaa | arrow | Uwano 2017b: 213 | juNnukwaa | arrow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 622 (in entry for juN) | jumiinujaa | arrow | Nakasone 1983: 570 | | Ɂija | arrow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 253 | | | | ya: | ya: | ya: | ya: | ya: | *ya: | iya: | NR | ya: | yunnuɸa: | ya:ʃaŋ | *iya | yunnufa: | *iya | *iya | ya |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | jakoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
7
⬢ash | *papi? | he | hjaː | | | | fe | hjaː | heː ~ feː (archaic) | hai | hjaː | hjaː | hai | | karahwee | fə | hwe | ash | Osada & Suyama 1977: 419 | (i) Ɂakuu (ii) hwëë | (i) ash (ii) lime | Uwano 2017a: 144 | pai | ash | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 413 | pee | ash | Nakasone 1983: 501 | heː | karahwee / hwee | ash | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 227, 310 | paz ~ karapaz | karapaz | pai | paï | karapai | karapaï | karapa'ï | karapaï | *pai | pai | pai | pe: | pai | pai | *pae | higun | *paWe | *pai | papi | Vowels unclear
8
⬢astringent | *sinpu- | ɕibi | ɕibuka | | | | ɕibiː | ɕibuka | ɕibwiː | ɕibuka | ɕipuka | ɕibuka | ɕibuka | | sipukarasaN | sɨbuɕan | sibusari | astringent | Osada & Suyama 1977: 330 | sɨboohaN | astringent | Uwano 1977: 28 | pjuusaN | astringent | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 477 | sibuseN | astringent | Nakasone 1983: 192 | ɕibuɕen | sibusaN | astringent | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 464 | suvkaz | | suboːn | sukara | sukaramunu | NR | sukara kam | ʃukara | *siu-kara | sïppusa:ŋ | ʃibusa | sïpuhaŋ | sïpo:ha:daru | ʃi:sa | *sibu- | c'ibu, p'waN | *sibu- | *sipu- | sibu- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | futsɨgoːɕaːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
9
⬢awaken, vi | *sam- | samuʔ ~ kesamuʔ | me-no samuru | | | | samuru | samuru | me-ga samuru ~ me-o samasu | | samuʔ ~ menosamuʔ | samuʔ ~ medzamuʔ ~ mesamasu | samuru ~ medzamuʔ | | samasyuN | samɨrjun ~ mɨːsamɨrjun | samasuri | awaken (one's eye) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 337 | sjamasjuN | awaken (vt) | pc | samasjuN | awaken (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 222 | samaasuN | awaken (one's eyes) | Nakasone 1983: 166 | samiːn ~ miːsamiːn | samasuN | awaken (one's eyes) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 456 | samaz | samaril | samirun ~ miːsamirun | misuri | misuri | NR | misum | miʃuri: | *mesur- | samasïŋ | NR | miN samaryaŋ | mi:pï:kuŋ | mi:samiruŋ | *(me:) samar- | samaN | *samar/s- | *samar/s- | sam- |
次行 | | | ozumu | | | | ozomu | | | odzomu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | udʑumun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | odoroku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | misuriz | misuril | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | okiː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
10
⬢axe (hatchet) | | | | | | | | | | ono | | ono ~ teono | ono | | saahuNyuuci | wun | thïuN | adze | Osada & Suyama 1977: 426 | cjoonoo | adze | Uwano 2018b: 159 | tiinu / tjuunu | hatchet | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 335, 343 | tuinuu | hatchet | Nakasone 1983: 306 | wuːnu | saahuNjuuci / juuci / tiiN | hatchet | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 294, 451, 519 | | | | yukï | NR | yutsï | yukï | yukï | *yuki | yukï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *yuki | duti | *yuki | *-yuki | NR |
次行 | | tejoʔ | joki ~ joːki | | | | tɕejoki | tejoki | tɕejoki | | joki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tiːjuksɨ-gama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | nata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | tsuno | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maitsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hataːna | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
11
⬢axe | *wono? | | | | | | | | | tɕuːno | | ono ~ teono | ono | | u:N | wun | uN | axe | Osada & Suyama 1977: 470 | juuki | axe | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 175 | juiki | hatchet | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 608 | ʔuunuu | axe | Nakasone 1983: 58 | wuːnu | uuN | axe | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 579 | | buːna | buːnu ~ jamabuːnu | yukï | bu:nu | NR | | bu:na | *bu:no | bunu | bunu | bunu | buinu | bu:nu | *buno | bu:nuo | *wono | *wono | wono | Final vowel unclear
次行 | | joʔ | joki ~ joːki | | | | joki | joki | joki | | uːjoki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | juksɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | masakaʔ ~ masakaː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
12
⬢bag | *pukuro | fukuro | fukuro | | | | fukuro | fukuro | fukuro | fukuro | fukuro | fukuro | fukuro | | pukuru / hukuru | fukuro | hukoro | bag | Osada & Suyama 1977: 460 | hukku | bag | Uwano 2018a: 300 | pukuru | bag | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 495 | pukʔu | bag | Nakasone 1983: 463 | fukuru | hukuru | bag | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 218 | fukuru | fukuru | fukuru | fukuru | fukuru | fukuru | fukuru | fukuru | *pukoru | fukuru | NR | fukuru | fukuru | ɸukuru | *pukoru | kkuru | *pukoru | *pukoru | pukuro1 |
次行 | | fudzo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
13
⬢bamboo | *takai | take | take | | | | take | take | take | take | take | take | take | | daki | dəː | dehe | bamboo | Osada & Suyama 1977: 815 | dëë | bamboo | Uwano 2017a: 144 | dai | bamboo | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 279 | dakʔii | bamboo | Nakasone 1983: 227 | raki | daki | bamboo | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 173 | taki | taki | taki | taki | taki | taki | taki | taki | *take | taki | taki | taki | taki | tai | *take | tagi | *take | *take | take2 |
14
⬢bamboo fence | *make / *mase | sasagaʔ | kaːki | | | | | kaki | kakijane | | kaki (rare) | | kaki | | NR | kaki | dehegaki | bamboo fence | Osada & Suyama 1977: 386 (in entry for khaki) | kakii | bamboo fence | Uwano 2017a: 146 | (i) daigaki (ii) cinibuhubi | (i) bamboo fence (ii) woven-bamboo wall | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 279, 315 | dakʔiigakʔui | bamboo fence | Nakasone 1983: 227 | haki | cinibugaci | bamboo fence | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 157 | kaksɨ | takigakɨ | kaki | ma:sï | ma:sï | NR | NR | masï "rock enclosure" | *ma:si | ma:gï | NR | magï / ma:gï | ma:kï | ma:ʃi | *ma:ki | NR | *ma:ki | *ma:ki | mase | not all lexemes mean necessarily 'bamboo fence', most are generic 'fence', unless they involve an explicit 'bamboo' morpheme [AJ]
次行 | | kaʔne | | | | | kene | | | kakine | | kaʔne | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | takekabe | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
15
⬢banana fish | *gorokonV | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gurukuN | | haaɁurumï | double-lined fusilier, bartail fusilier | Osada & Suyama 1977: 858 | haaɁurumɨ | double-lined fusilier, bartail fusilier | pc | mureezi | double-lined fusilier | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 582 | mureezu | double-lined fusilier | Nakasone 1983: 561 | | gurukuN | double-lined fusilier | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 193 | gurukun | | | gurukuŋ | NR | NR | NR | gurukuŋ | *gorokunV | gurukuŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *gorokonV | gurukuN | *gorokonV | *gorokonV | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mureːdʑi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
16
⬢barley | *mugi | muʔ | muːgi | | | | mugi | mugi | mugi | mugi | mugi | mugi ~ mun | mugi | | Ɂuhumuzi | mun | | | | NR | | pc | siimugi / peemugi | barley | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 232, 517 | hupʔumuzi / pʔumuzi | barley | Nakasone 1983: 494, 495 | mugiː | Ɂuhumuzi | barley | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 545 | mugzɨ | mugzɨ | mun | upumugï | ukumudzï | humudzï | NR | upumugï | *upo-mugi | fu:mui | padaka-muŋ | ma:muŋ | ubumuŋ | muŋ | *upo-mugi | umuŋ | *upo-mugi | *opo-mugi | mugi1 | Japonic mugi may mean any of the following: barley, rye, wheat, oat (Chinese 麦、麦子、小麦) [AJ]
17
⬢barnyard millet | *kimi | hie | hije | | | | hije | hije | hije | hie | hie | hie | hie | | ma:zin | | hwei | barnyard millet | Osada & Suyama 1977: 794 | hui | barnyard millet | Uwano 2017a: 145 | | | | | | | | maazin | Proso millet | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 355 | | | | tsïm / kïm | NR | NR | kïm | kïm | *kimi | pi: / kïŋ | NR | sïN | kïn | to:za | *kimi | c'iNti | *kimi | *kimi | ki1mi1 | Decan grass/baynard millet, Chinese 稗子; Ryukyuan Echinocloa crusgalli (Amano 1979: 176) [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nʔikusa | | | | | | | | | | | | | toːgumi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
18
⬢basket, bamboo, deep | wapa-kai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ba:ki | | | | | bakkëë | basket, shallow with wide top | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 175 | | | | bakʔi | shallow basket/strainer | Nakasone 1983: 379 | | baaki | shallow basket/strainer | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 130 | | | | ba:ki | ba:ki | NR | ba:ki | ba:ki | *wa:ke | ba:ki | NR | NR | NR | NR | *ba:ke | ba:ki / bagi | *wa:ke | *wa:ke | ke2 |
19
⬢basket | *kago | kago | kago | | | | kago | kago | kago | kago | | kago | kago | | ku: | | magu | flat-bottomed basket | Osada & Suyama 1977: 455 | tɨɨru | k.o.basket (no generic term) | Uwano 2017a: 143 | kagu | basket with small opening | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 142 | kuu | birdcage | Nakasone 1983: 120 | kagu (bird cage) | kuu | birdcage | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 344 | kagu | kagu; tiɕagi-kagu (bamboo basket for collecting potatoes in the field) | | kagu | kagu | NR | NR | NR | *kago | kagu | NR | kagu | NR | NR | *kago | haŋu | *kago | *kago | kago | Vowels unclear
次行 | | inetego (basket carried on one's back) | tego (bamboo basket) | | | | | | | tebo | | | | | ti:ru / ti: "trough" | | thïru | bamboo basket carried on back | gu 316 | tɨɨru | | Uwano 2017b: 218 | tiru | bamboo basket with handles | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 339 | tiru | bamboo strainer with handle | Nakasone 1983: 299 | | tiiru | basket with handle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 519 | | | | tiï | til | NR | NR | til | *teri | tiru / tirï | NR | NR | tʃiru | tiri / tiru | *teru | NR | *teru | *teru | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | fugo ~ sugo (straw basket carried on one's back) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | tɕawammego (teacup storage basket) | | | | | mego (big-meshed basket for clean dishes) | mego | mego (big-meshed basket for teacups etc.) | | mego (basket carried on one's back, used for carrying grains etc.) | | | | | mago | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | magu | magu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | amkuni ( fishing basket made of bamboo) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tiːz | til | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | baki | | | | baːki | baːki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | koedzoke (fertilizer basket), edzoke | | | | | koedzoke (fertilizer basket), komaredzoke (basket for washing rice) | ɕoːke (small-meshed basket) | ɕoːke (small-meshed basket) | | soːke | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tidʑoːki | | | | soːki | sagidʑoːki (food storage basket) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | bera 'twigs’, ‘firewood twigs’ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | birafu (food storage basket) | arafu (big-meshed basket) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | biʔ (fish basket) | | | | | | | | | | biku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In Nagoya and Gifu biku means 'rope basket/mat' (mokko) [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | dzaru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | ɕitami (fish basket) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
20
⬢basket, produce | *teru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
21
⬢bat | *kapa-npori | komoi | koːmoi | | | | koːmori | koːmori | koːmori | koːmori | koːmoi | koːmori | koːmori | | ka:buya: | | khooburi | bat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 844 | koomoori | bat | Lawrence (fieldwork) | NR | | pc | haabui | bat | Nakasone 1983: 373 | | kaabujaa | bat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 297 | | | | ka:tuï | ki:battuï | NR | NR | ʃagaldul | *-tori | kaburï | kabure: | kapudurï | kaburï | ko:bui | *kabutori | kasaya / kubuya | *-tori | *kabu- | kapabori | Martin (1987:457) thinks this is "river-guard"
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gadʑanturja | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kaːbuːjaː | | | | | | kabureː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kaːtuz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕagaldul | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
22
⬢battle | *ekusa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ɂikusa | | Ɂikusa | war | sya 444 | Ɂikusjaa | war | Uwano 2018a: 321 | ikusa | war | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 454 (in entry for haNbara) | hikʔusaa | battle | Nakasone 1983: 427 | | Ɂikusa | battle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 254 | | | | ivsa | ifsa | ifsa | ivsa | ifʃa | *ekusa | ikusa | NR | ifutsa | ikusa | issa | *ekusa | ikuca | *ekusa | *ekusa | ikusa |
23
⬢beach | *pama | hama | hama ~ hamankoːra (rare) | | | | hama | hama | hama | hama | hama | hama | hama | | hama | hama | hama | beach | ten 199 | haama | beach | Uwano 2017a: 150 | pama | beach | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 442 | pamaa | beach | Nakasone 1983: 412 | fama | hama | beach | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 202 | pama | pama | pama | pama | pama | pama | pama | pama | *pama | pama | pama | pama | hama | hama | *pama | hama | *pama | *pama | pama |
24
⬢bean | *mame | mame | mame | | | | mame | mame | mame | mame | mame | mame | mame | | ma:mi | mami | mamï | bean; kidney | sjoku 1271 tai 345 | mamɨɨ | bean; kidney | Uwano 2017a: 150 | mami | bean; kidney | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 537 | mamii | bean; kidney | Nakasone 1983: 570 | mamiː | maami | bean; kidney | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 354 | mami | mami | mami | mami | mami | mami | mami | mami | *mame | mami | mami | ma:mi | mami | mami | *mame | ma:mi | *mame | *mame | mame2 |
25
⬢bear, vi | *nas- | un | umu | | | | umu | umu | umu | umu | umu | umu | umu | | nasyuN | | nasuri | give birth (vt) | byou 007 | nasjuN | give birth (vt) | Uwano 1977: 18 | nasjuN | give birth (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 381 | nasuN | give birth to (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 335 | | nasjuN | give birth to (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 412 | | | | nasï | nasï | nasï | nasï | nasï | *nas- | nasïŋ | nasuŋ | nasïŋ | fa:na:fuŋ | na:suŋ | *nas- | naŋ | *nas- | *nas- | nas- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | naɕun | | | | | | | | | | | | | nasun | | | | nasɨ | nasɨ | nasun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
26
⬢bee | *pati | haʔ | haːʑi | | | | hatɕi | hatɕi | hatɕi | hatɕi | hatɕi | hatɕi | hatɕi | | hatʃa: | hatsɨ | haci | bee | Osada & Suyama 1977: 877 | hacɨɨ | bee | Uwano 2017a: 144 | paci | bee | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 430 | pacii | bee | Nakasone 1983: 393 | | hacjaa | bee | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 198 | patsɨ | geːbatsɨ | padʑin | patsï | pasï / patsï / patʃa | NR | NR | ge:batsï | *pati / *patia | padzï | padziŋ | NR | NR | patsï | *pati | hata | *pati / *patia | *pati / *patia | pati |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | keːrabatɕa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
27
⬢bite, chew, vt | *kam- | kan | kamu | | | | kamu | kamu | kamu | kamu | kamu | kan | kamu | | kana:syuN | kamjun | khamuri | bite, chew | Osada & Suyama 1977: 321 | kɁuujuN | bite | pc | hamjuN | bite, chew | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 445 | hamiN | bite, chew | Nakasone 1983: 414 | hamun | kanaasuN | bite, chew | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 306 | kam | kam | kamun | kam | kam | kam | kam | kam | *kam- | kamuŋ | NR | kandaruŋ | kamun | kandaruŋ | *kam- | NR | *kam- | *kam- | kam- "chew" |
28
⬢bitter | *niga- | nige | nigaka | | | | nige | nigaka | nigeː | nigaka | nigaka | nigaka | nigaka | | NzasaN | nigjasan | nigjasari | bitter | Osada & Suyama 1977: 330 | NgjaahaN | bitter | Uwano 1977: 28 | nizjasaN | bitter | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 393 | zaaseN | bitter | Nakasone 1983: 265 | ngjaɕen | NzjasaN | bitter | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 438 | ngjakaz | ngjaɕaːl | ngaːn | ngya:nu | nga:nga: | NR | nikɛkam | gaʃal | *niga- | ngaha:nu | NR | niʃahaN | ngaha: | ŋgasa | *niga- | swaN | *niga- | *niga- | niga- |
29
⬢blade | *pa: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ha: | | hwa | blade | Osada & Suyama 1977: 463 | haa | blade | Uwano 2017b: 214 | paa | blade | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 410 | paa | blade | Nakasone 1983: 370 | | haa | blade | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 197 | | | | pa: | pa: | pa: | pa: | pa: | *pa: | pa: | pa: | paN | pa: | pa: | *pa: | ha: | *pa: | *pa: | pa |
30
⬢boar | *umoza | | inoɕiɕi | | | | inoɕiɕi | inoɕiɕi | inoɕiɕi | inoɕiɕi | inoɕiɕi | inoɕiː | inoɕiɕi | | yamasisi | | sisi | boar | Osada & Suyama 1977: 843 | jamasɨɨ | boar | Uwano 2018a: 306 | jamasisi | boar | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 602 | jamaNsii | boar | Nakasone 1983: 582 | | jamasisi | boar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 276 | no native boars | no native boars | | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | umudza | kamai | mudza | kamai | umudza / kamai | *umuza / *kamai | umuda | *umoza | *umoza | NR |
次行 | | ɕiɕi | | | | | | | ɕiɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Aira district in Kagoshima has ɕiɕɕi ‘even-toed ungulate’
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kamai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
31
⬢board | *eta | ita | ita | | | | ita | ita | ita | ita | ita | ita | ita | | Ɂica/Ɂita | ʔita | Ɂitha | board | Osada & Suyama 1977: 423 | Ɂicjaa | board | Uwano 2017a: 149 | icja | board | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 66 | hicaa | board | Nakasone 1983: 436 | ʔitaː | Ɂicja | board | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 244 | itsa | ita | itsa | itsa | itsa | itʃa | ita | ita | *eta | ita | ita | uta / ita | ita | itta | *eta | ita | *eta | *eta | ita |
32
⬢boat | *pune | fune | fune | | | | funje | fune | fune | fune | fune | fune | fune | | huni | funɨ | hunï | boat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 730 | huunɨ | boat | Uwano 2017a: 150 | puni | boat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 504 | puni | boat | Nakasone 1983: 490 | funi | huni | boat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 219 | funi | funi | funi | funi | funi | fune | fune | fune | *fune | funi | funi | funi | funi | funi | *pune | Nni | *pune | *pune | pune |
33
⬢boil food, vt | *ni- / *nia- | niʔ | niru | | | | niru | niru | niru (rare) | niru | niː | niru | niru | | niyuN | nirjun | niruri | boil food (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 366 | njuN | boil food (vt) | Uwano 1977: 17 | mjuN | boil food (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 561 | nuN /wahaasuN | boil food (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 362, 617 | niːn | nijuN | boil food (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 417 | niːz | niːl | neːsun | ni | ni:l | NR | NR | ni:l | *ner- | ne:sïŋ | ne:suŋ | ne:sïŋ | ne:suŋ | ne:suŋ | *nia- | niruŋ | *nir- | *nir- | ni- | Hatoma form probably comes from a light verb construction (*ni-ja sun)
次行 | | | | | | | | | taku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
34
⬢boil water, vt | *pukas- | wakas | akasu | | | | wakasu | wakasu | wakasu | wakasu | wakasu | wakasu | wakasu | | hukasyuN | | wahasuri | boil water (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 362 | waasjuN | boil water (vt) | Uwano 1977: 23 | wakasjuN | boil water (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 631 | pukʔaasuN / wakʔaasuN | boil water (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 460, 612 | wakasun | hukasuN | boil water (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 217 | | | | yu: fukasï | yu: fukasï | NR | fukasïm | fukaʃi | *fukas- | yu: fukaʃi | NR | yu: fukasuN | yu: wa fukaɸuN | yu: ba:suN | fukas- | bagaN | *fukas- | *pukas- | NR | Not attested until the late 18th Century
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tagiraɕun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fukasɨ | fukasɨ | fukasun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
35
⬢bone | *pone | hone | hone | | | | hone (new) ~ honje (archaic) | hone | hone | hone | hone | hone | hone | | puni / huni | funɨ | hunï | bone | Osada & Suyama 1977: 187 | huunɨ | bone | Uwano 2018b: 156 | puni | bone | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 505 | puni | bone | Nakasone 1983: 490 | funi | huni | bone | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 219 | puni | puni | puni | puni | puni | huni | puni | puni | *pone | puni | puni | puni | puni | ɸuni | *pone | huni | *pone | *pone | pone |
36
⬢born, be, v | *umar- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɁNmariyuN | | Ɂma(a)reruri | be born | Osada & Suyama 1977: 193 | ɁmaarɨjuN | be born | Uwano 1977: 25 | umarjuN | be born | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 118 | ʔmaariN | be born | Nakasone 1983: 513 | | ɁNmarijuN | be born | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 431 | | | | mmariï | mmaril | mmari: | mmari | mmaril | *Vmarer- | mariŋ | mariŋ | ma:riruŋ | mari | marasuŋ | *marer- | mariruŋ | *Vmarer- | *umarer- | umar- |
37
⬢bow, n | *yumi | | jumi | | | | | | | | | | | | yumi | | jumi | bow | Osada & Suyama 1977: 686 | jumii | bow | Uwano 2017a: 149 | juN | bow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 622 | jumii | bow | Nakasone 1983: 594 | | jumi | bow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 288 | | | | yum | yum | yum | yum | yum | *yumV | yuŋ | NR | yuN | yun | yuŋ | *yunV | duN | *yumV | *yumi | yumi1 |
38
⬢bowl | *makari | wan | an (wooden) | | | | meɕiwan | wan | wan | wan | wan | wan | wan | | makai | | (i) misiwaN (ii) siruwaN | (i) rice bowl (ii) soup bowl | Osada & Suyama 1977: 447 | cjawaN | bowl | Okamura et al 2006:[0236] | mahai | bowl | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 536 | mahai | bowl | Nakasone 1983: 523 | | makai | bowl | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 360 | | | | makaï | makal | NR | makaï | makal | *makari | makarï | su:-makarï | ma:rï | makarï | ʃu:ma:i | *makari | imagai | *makari | *makari | NR | Not attested until late Heian era, and then as magari
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maːri | | | | | | | | | | | | | mahai | | | | makaz | makal | makaru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | goki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
39
⬢box | *pakə | hako | hako | | | | hako | hako | hako | hako | hako | hako | hako | | paku / haku | haku | haku | box | Osada & Suyama 1977: 467 | hakuu | box | Uwano 2017a: 144 | papu | box | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 442 | pahuu | box | Nakasone 1983: 412 | faku | haku | box | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 202 | paku | paku | paku | paku | paku | haku | paku | paku | *pako | paku | NR | paku | paku | paku | *pako | hagu | *pako | *pako | pako2 |
40
⬢break, snap | *wor- | oʔ | oru | | | | | | | | oː | oʔ ~ oː | oru | | u:yuN | wurjun | ururi | break, snap | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 251 | ujuN | break, snap | Uwano 1977: 19 | hujuN | break, snap | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 508 | uN | break, snap | Nakasone 1983: 79 | wuin | uujuN | break, snap | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 579 | buz | bul | burun | buriï | boril | borai: | NR | buril | *burer- | buriruŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *burer- | buruN | *wor- | *wor- | wor- |
次行 | | | | | | | oɕoru | oɕoru | oɕoru | oɕoru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
41
⬢brew, vt | *tar- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tariyuN / ɁNmari | | thareruri | brew (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 244-5 | sjakɨsɨɨ | alcohol brewing (n.) | pc | tarjuN | brew (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 295 | tariruN | brew | Nakasone 1983: 239 | | tarijuN | brew (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 513 | | | | tarï | taril | NR | NR | tari | *tar- | tariruŋ / marasïŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *tar- / *maras- | ma:ri | *tar- / *mar- | *tar- / *maras- | NR | The second word means to be born
42
⬢bridge | *pasi | haɕ | haːɕi | | | | haɕi | haɕi | haɕi | haɕi | haɕi | hai | haɕi | | pasi | haɕi | hasi | bridge | Osada & Suyama 1977: 729 | hasɨɨ | bridge | Uwano 2017a: 146 | pasi | bridge | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 422 | pasii | bridge | Nakasone 1983: 384 | faɕi | hasi | bridge | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 208 | pasɨ | NA (pasɨ 'ladder') | paɕi | pasï | pasï | hasï | paʃi | pasï | *pasi | pasï | paʃi | patsï | patsï | haʃi | *pasi | hasi | *pasi | *pasi | pasi |
43
⬢broom | *papaki | hoʔ | hoːki | | | | hoːki | hoːki | hoːki | hoːki | hoːki | hoːʔ | hoːki | | ho:ci | hoki | hooki | broom | Osada & Suyama 1977: 458 | hooki | broom | Uwano 2018a: 300 | pooki | broom | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 518-9 | poocii | broom | Nakasone 1983: 507 | hoːki | hooci | broom | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 213 | poːksɨ | poːkɨ | poːki | po:kï | pautsï | hautsï | pe:kï | po:kï | *pauki | po:gï | po:ki | potsï | po:ki | po:ʃi | *pauki | futti | *pauki | *pauki | papaki1 |
44
⬢broom-corn millet | ? | kiʔ | ki(ː)bi | | | | kibi | kibi | kibi | kibi | kibi | kibi | kibi | | ma:ziN / to:ȝimi | | thonokiN | great millet | Osada & Suyama 1977: 794 | | | | toogiN | great millet | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 364 | toozimii | great millet | Nakasone 1983: 323 | | | | | ksɨm | ksɨm | sɨn | upugam | ukugyam | NR | upukɛm | upuge:m | *upogiamu | kïŋ / ɸuyuŋ | k'iŋ | sïŋ | ubui | ʃiŋ / ɸuiŋ | *kimi / *opogemV | c'iNti | *kimi / *opogiamu | data too varied | NR | not produced in Miyazaki, Saga, Kumamoto, also not popular in Fukuoka; a distinction in Fukushima: kɨbɨ the plant; kɨmɨ the crop (grain) [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wugi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
45
⬢bucket, large | *wokai | oke ~ teoke | oke | | | | oke ~ kataʑoke | oke ~ teoke | oke ~ tɕoːke | oke ~ teoke | oke | oke ~ teoke | oke | | u:ki | wɨː ~ wuɨ | wïhï | tub | Osada & Suyama 1977: 455 | wɨɨ | tub | Uwano 2018b: 145 | hui | tub | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 482 | hukʔi | bucket, tub | Nakasone 1983: 461 | fuki | uuki | tub | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 579 | uːki | guki | uːki | u:ki | u:ki | NR | u:ki | guki | *wu:ke | uki | u:ki | uki | o:ge | bu:ki | *wo:ke | vu:gi > ugi | *wo:ke | *wo:ke | woke2 |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | toːoke (a large bucket for rinsing rice) | nitooke | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | santu-uːki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | inaitago (for storing fertilizers) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | etsuke (bucket with a handle) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | dabosu (a large bucket for brewing alcohol or soy sauce) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | koetango (bucket for storing fertilizers) | tango (carry-on water bucket) | | | | tango (for carrying water) | tango (for carrying water) | tago (carried on shoulders) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | midzɨtagu (for carrying water) | dʑoːmatagu (for carrying water) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | ninai (carried on shoulders) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | danoke (fodder bucket) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tidaru (one-grip bucket for carrying water) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
46
⬢bucket, pail, small | *tago / *taru | | | | | | hangiri (fodder bucket) | | | | | | | | ta:gu / taru | | thaNgo | pail | Osada & Suyama 1977: 455 | taagu | pail | Uwano 2018b: 145 | bakici | bucket | pc | tagu | bucket | Nakasone 1983: 227 | | taagu | bucket | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 501 | | | | tagu | taga / tagu | NR | NR | NR | *tago | taru / ta:ŋgu | taru | NR | NR | taru | *taru | ta:ŋu: | *tago / *taru | *tago / *taru | NR | tago appears in Kyushu dialects. Taru appears in1275 in Myogoki
次行 | | | | | | | | | kogai (hand bucket) | kogai ~ tekogai | kogai (a small bucket on legs, used for storing water for washing one's face) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | cf. "bucket [large]"; the size distinction is not always clear
47
⬢buckwheat | *səba | soba (food) | soba | | | | soba | soba | soba | soba | | soba | soba | | suba | NA | soba | buckwheat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 794 | NR | | Uwano 2017a: 157 | NR | | pc | subaa | noodles (made with wheat flour) | Nakasone 1983: 205 | suba | suba | noodles (made with wheat flour) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 495 | suba | suba ~ soba | suba (recent loan) | sïba | soba | NR | NR | NR | *soba | suba | suba | suba | supa | suba | *soba | suba | *soba | *soba | so2ba |
次行 | | soma (buckwheat plant) | | | | | | | | | soma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
48
⬢burn, vt | *moy- | | mojasu | | | | mojasu | mojasu | mojasu | mojasu | mujasu | mojasu | mojasu | | me:yuN | məɕun | meeruri | burn (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 244 | mëëjuN | burn (vi) | Uwano 1977: 20 | muijuN | burn (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 566 | muiruN | burn (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 548 | moːsun | meejuN | burn (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 367 | maːsɨ | meːsɨ | moːsun | muiï | muiul | mui | muiyuï | muil | *moer- | muiŋ | muiruŋ | më:ruŋ | muiruŋ | mo:ruŋ | *moïr- | muiruŋ | *moWer- | *moer- | mo1y- |
次行 | | jaʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
49
⬢butterly 誤字| *pirako | tɕotɕo | tɕoːtɕoː ~ tɕuːtɕuː (archaic) | | | | tɕotɕome ~ tɕutɕume | tɕutɕu | tɕoːtɕo ~ tɕuːtɕu (archaic) | tɕoːtɕo | tɕoːtɕo | tɕoːtɕo | tɕoː | | haberu / habiru | | habïra | butterfly | Osada & Suyama 1977: 873 | habɨɨru | butterfly, moth | Uwano 2017b: 235 | papiru | butterfly, moth | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 442 | tabeeruu | butterfly, moth | Nakasone 1983: 236 | tɕoːtɕo (recent) | haberu | butterfly | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 198 | tɕoːtɕo | | | pabira / pabiï | pabiï | NR | NR | pabiru | *pabirV | pabiru | pabiru | papiïu | hapiru | kabira: | *pabiru | habiru | *pabiru | *pabiru | kapa-pirako1 | pipiru is attested in Heian glosses on Nihon shoki
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | habura | | | | | | | | | | | | | habeːru | | | | pabiz ~ pabira | pabiru | pabiru ~ pabiraːma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | mange~ tɕoːtɕomange [Kurume] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
50
⬢bury, vt | *um- / *panpur- | mːbeʔ | | | | | | | umuru | umuru | umuʔ | umuʔ ~ umuː | umeru | | ho:muyuN | umjun | Ɂubïruri | bury (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 273 | ɁumjuN | bury (vt) | Uwano 1977: 20 | uzimjuN | bury (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 96 | ʔuzuumiN | bury (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 63 | | ɁuzjumuN | bury (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 575 | | umil | | udzïm | udzïn | NR | ukïmim | udzïmi: | *uzum- | kadzamiŋ | NR | uguryaŋ | NR | dabi | ? | tuigui | ? | data too varied | um- / pabur- |
次行 | | | | | | | udzumuru | udzumuru | udumuru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | udʑumun | | | | udzɨm | udzɨm | udzumun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | okkumuru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | ikuru | ikeru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
51
⬢calendar | *kəyəmi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kuyumi | | | | | kujumii | calendar | Uwano 1977: 15 | kujumi | calendar | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 193 | kujumii | calendar | Nakasone 1983: 138 | | kujumi | calendar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 329 | | | | kuyuŋ | NR | kuyuŋ | NR | kuyum | *koyomi | kuyuŋ / kuim'i | kuyuŋ | kuryo:ŋ | NR | kuyuŋ | *koyomi | kuyumi | *koyomi | *koyomi | koyomi | Variant of ka "day" yo2m- "count"
52
⬢carry, convey | *pakob-/ *mət- | hakoʔ | hakobu | | | | hakobu | | hakobu | hakobu | | hakon | hakobu | | hayasuN | | (i) muci-khuri (ii) muci-Ɂikhuri | (i) bring (ii) take | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 282 | hakobjuN | carry | Uwano 1977: 22 | nakujuN | transport (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 379 | hajaasuN | transport (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 414 | | | | | | | hakubun | mutʃï | mutʃï | NR | mukïm | muti: | *mot- | pakubuŋ | NR | mutsuŋ | katami | muttʃiharuŋ | *pakob- / *mot- | kuyaŋ | *pakob- / *mot- | *pakob- / *mot- | pako1b- / mo2t- |
次行 | | | | | | | mottɕe iku (allative), mottɕe kuru (illative) | motteku (allative), mottekuru (illative) | | | motte ku (allative), motte kuː (illative) | | | | | muttsɨʔikjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | mutɕiʔikun (allative), mutɕiʔkun (illative) | | | | | mutiːiksɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hajasun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kusɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
53
⬢cat | ? | neko | neko | | | | njeko | neko | neko | neko | neko | neko | neko | | maya: / mayu: | | maja | cat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 841 | majuu | cat | Uwano 2017b: 218 | mjaa | cat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 560 | mjaa | cat | Nakasone 1983: 545 | | majaa / majuu | cat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 359 | | nika | | mayu | mayu | mayu | mayu | mayu | *mayu | maya | maya | mayu | maya | maya | *maya | ma:yu | *mayə | *mayə | NR | Mimetic word
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maja | | | | | | | | | | | | | majaː | | | | maju | | majaː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
54
⬢catch, vt | *tukam- | tsukamuʔ ~ tsukan ~ tsukameʔ (rare) | tsukamu | | | | tsukamu | tsukamu | tukamu | tsukamu | tsukamu | tsukamu | tsukamu | | tʃkamuN | hikkjamɨrjun | hikjacïmïruri | catch (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 021 | cɨkamjuN | catch (vt) | Uwano 1977: 27 | hacimjuN | catch (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 431 | sikʔaamiN / hacimiN | catch (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 175, 396 | ɕikamun | cikamuN / kacimijuN | catch (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 151, 300 | tsɨkam [Sarahama] | | sɨkamun | tsïkam | tukamï | NR | kïkam | tsïkami: | *tukam- | tsïkamuŋ | NR | sukamuŋ | tsukamuŋ | kattʃi:ruŋ | *tukam- | k'amuN | *tukam- | *tukam- | tukam- "grab" |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hatɕimin | | | | katsɨmiz | katsɨmil | kasamun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
55
⬢caterpillar | *kai-musi | hodʑo | | | | | hoʑo (archaic) | | | | | | | | ki:musi | | ɁoNzjomusi / Ɂoojaku | caterpillar | Osada & Suyama 1977: 874 | macɨmoosja | caterpillar | Uwano 2017b: 235 | siibuta | caterpillar; hairy person | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 231 | kiimusi | caterpillar | Nakasone 1983: 115 | | kiimusi | caterpillar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 320 | | | | mugïgaramusï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *X-musi | fugaramusï | fu:karamuʃi | sukuramusï | muimusï | fugaramuʃi | *pugara-musi | c'iŋidagu | *X-musi | *X-musi | ke2musi |
次行 | | | | | | | kemuɕi (new) | kemuɕi | | kemuɕi ~ higemuɕi [Kurume] | | kemuɕi | kemuɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kiːmuɕi | | | | pindʑamusɨ; mugzɨgaramusɨ | sasɨmusɨ (red); mugzɨjaksɨmusɨ (black); mːgiː-nu musɨ, kuɕagi-nu musɨ (green caterpillars of a butterfly) | fuːkaramuɕi (black-haired) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | ira | | | | | | | | ira | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | okoʑe | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jaku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
56
⬢centipede | *mukantai | mukadze | mukaʑe | | | | mukadʑe (old) ~ mukadze (new) | mukaʑe | mukaʑe | mukadʑe | mukade | mukadʑe | mukade | | Nkazi | mukadʑe | mokhaze | centipede | Osada & Suyama 1977: 878 | mukaazja | centipede | Uwano 2017b: 237 | mukadi | centipede | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 567 | mukʔaazi | centipede | Nakasone 1983: 549 | mukaːdʑi | Nkazi | centipede | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 435 | nkadʑi | nkadʑa | nkadza | nkadȝi | NR | nkadi | ŋkadi | nkadȝa | *mVkaze | ŋgadȝa | ŋkadza | mukadȝi | NR | ma:dza | *mVkaza | Nkadi | *mVkaza-i | *mVka-i | mukade |
57
⬢charcoal | *sumi | sun | suːmi | | | | sumi | sumi | sumi | katadzumi ('hard charcoal', distinguished from kessumi 'cinder') | kaːsumi (wood charcoal | sumi | sumi | | şimi | sɨmi | sïmi | charcoal | Osada & Suyama 1977: 418 | sɨmii / taNzɨmi | charcoal | Uwano 2018b: 155, 158 | siN | charcoal | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 267 | simii | charcoal; ink | Nakasone 1983: 194 | | taN | charcoal | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 511 | sɨm | sɨm | | sum | simgara | NR | sumkara | sïmyakï / tanga:ra | *sumVkara | sïn / taN | sïn | sïN | sïn | taN | *sïn | taN | *sïN | *sumi | sumi1 |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tan | | | | tan | | tan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
58
⬢conch shell | *mpora | | | | | | | | | | | | | | burage: | | bura | conch shell | Osada & Suyama 1977: 871 | buura | conch shell | Uwano 2018c: 149 | bura | conch shell | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 509 | buraa | conch shell | Nakasone 1983: 496 | | buragee | conch shell | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 137 | | | | bura | bura | NR | NR | NR | *bora | sa:bura | sa:bura | NR | sa:bura | habura | *bora | bura: | *bora | *bora | NR | horagahi appears in 1705
59
⬢cook, vt | *yak- | jaʔ | jaku | | | | jaku | jaku | jaku | jaku | jaku | jaku | jaku | | yacuN | jakjun | jakhuri | fry, burn | Osada & Suyama 1977: 365 | jakjuN | fry, burn | Uwano 1977: 18 | jakjuN | roast, burn | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 594 | jacuN | fry | Nakasone 1983: 577 | jakun | jacjuN | fry, burn | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 272 | jaksɨ | jaksɨ | jakun | yafu | yakï | yakï | yakï | yakï | *yak- | yaki | yakuŋ | yaguN | yaki | yo:N | *yak- | daguN | *yak- | *yak- | yak- |
次行 | | abuʔ (to fry, especially fish) | | | | | aburu (to fry) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
60
⬢cook, boil, vt | *ni- / *nia- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | niN / niyuN | | niruri | boil food (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 366 | njuN | boil food (vt) | Uwano 1977: 17 | mjuN | boil food (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 561 | nuN /wahaasuN | boil food (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 362, 617 | | niiN / nijuN | boil food (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 417 | | | | ni: | ni:l | ni: | ni:m | ni:l | *ner- | ne:sïŋ | ni:ruŋ | ne:sïŋ | ne:suŋ | ne:suŋ | *niar- | ni:ruŋ | *ner- / *niar- | *ner- / *niar- | ni- |
61
⬢cord | *napa | nawa | naa | | | | nawa | nawa | noː | nawa | nawa | nawa | nawa | | na: | naː | noo | fishing line | Osada & Suyama 1977: 718 | iruu | cord | Uwano 2018b: 154 | noo | fishing line | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 409 | naa | cord | Nakasone 1983: 327 | naː | naa | cord | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 399 | naː | | naː | na: | na: | NR | NR | na: | *na: | na: | NR | NR | NR | NR | *na | Nna | *nawa | *nawa | napa |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nna (< *tsɨna) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
62
⬢cormorant | *atako | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ɂataku-nuri: "gulp water" | | | | | | | | atahu | cormorant? | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 27 | | | | | | | | | | | atafu | atafu | NR | NR | NR | *ataku | atagu | adaku | NR | ataku | attafu | *ataku | atagu | *atako | *atako | u |
63
⬢corpse | *sini- | | | | | | | | mukuro | | | | | | siniN | | sizjaN-cju | human corpse | Osada & Suyama 1977: 199 | NR | | pc | NR | | pc | siniNcu | dead person | Nakasone 1983: 189 | | siniN | dead person | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 477 | | | | sïnipïtu | sïnipïtu | sïmpïtu | NR | sïnigara | *sinepito | sïmpïtu | NR | sïmpïtu | NR | ʃiniduʃitu | *sinipito | siniccu / Nnitu | *sinipito | *sinipito | NR | sinikabane is from early 9th century in 霊異記
64
⬢count, number, vt | *yəm- | kandzuʔ | kanʑuru | | | | | kandʑuru ~ kandʑeru | | kanneru ~ kannuru | kandzuʔ | | | | yunuN | | jumuri | read, count | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 386 | jumjuN | read, count | Okamura et al 2006:[1875] | jumjuN | read, curse, speak, count | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 620 | jumiN | read; count | Nakasone 1983: 594 | | jumuN | read; count | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 290 | | | | yum | yum | yum | yum | yum | *yum- | yumuŋ | yumuŋ | yumuŋ | yumuŋ | yumuŋ | *yum- | dumuŋ | *yum- | *yum- | yo2m- |
次行 | | | | | | | kazojuru ~ kanzujuru | | kazojuru | kadzueru | | kadzojuʔ | kadzojuru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kadzuirun (allegedly a loan from SJ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | jomu | | jomu | jon | | | | jumjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | jumun | | | | jum | jum | jumun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
65
⬢crab | *kani | gane | gane | gani | | | gani | gane | gani | gani | gane | gan | kani | | gani | gan | gaN | crab | Osada & Suyama 1977: 863 | gaN | crab | Uwano 2017a: 143 | gaN | crab | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 153 | gai | crab | Nakasone 1983: 96 | gai | gani | crab | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 188 | kan | | | gaŋ | gaŋ | kaŋ | kaN | amam | *kani | kaŋ | gani | kaN | kai | kaŋ | *kani | kaNna | *kani | *kani | kani |
66
⬢crow | *karasu | karas | karaːsu | | | | karasu | karasu | karasu | karasu | karasu | karai | karasu | | garaʃi | garasɨ | garasï | crow | Osada & Suyama 1977: 847 | garaasɨ | crow | Uwano 1977: 17 | garasi | crow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 152 | garaasi | crow | Nakasone 1983: 108 | juːgaraːɕi | garasi | crow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 189 | garasa | garaɕa | garasa | garasa | garasa | garasa | garasa | garaʃa | *garasa | garasï | garasa | garasï | garasï | garasï | *garasu | garaci / garasa | *garasu | *garasï | karasu |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | garasa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
67
⬢cultivate, vt | *kapes- | | uʔ | utsu | | | utsu | | | | utsu | | | | ke:syuN | | khazïruri | till, plough (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 692 | (i) ɁucjuN (ii) sɨkjuN | (i) till, plough (ii) plough | pc | hadjuN | till, plough (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 435 | haziruN / hukʔusuN | till | Nakasone 1983: 403, 464 | | keesuN | till, plough (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 319 | | | | kadi | kadzïl | kadi | NR | kadil | *kad- | ka:su | NR | ke:suN | ka:ɸuŋ | kaisuN | *kais- | kaN | *kaes- | *kaes- | kape1s- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | suku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | tagajasu | | | tagajaʔ | tagajasu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | okosu | okosu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hadʑiːn | | | | kadʑiz | kadil | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kaisun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | atsɨkəːjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
68
⬢curse, n | *nərəp- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ɂicizama / nure:gutu | | noreguci | curse (n) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 544 | norësɨNgii | curse | pc | kuci | mouth, rumour, curse | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 184 | | | | | Ɂicizama / nureegutu | curse (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 248, 426 | | | | nuru: | nuru: / iddama | NR | NR | NR | *noro: | ïkïro: "living spirit" | NR | NR | dafumai | NR | ? | nu:ri / ikiru | *nor- / *ekiro | *eke- / *nor- | no2ro2p- |
69
⬢cut, vt | *kir- | kiʔ | kiru | | | | kiru | kiru | kiru | kiru | kiː | kiː ~ kiʔ | kiʔ | | ciyuN | kirjun | kiruri | cut (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 356-7 | kɁijuN | cut (vt) | Uwano 1977: 19 | kjuN | cut (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 171 | ciN | cut | Nakasone 1983: 287 | kiːn | cijuN | cut (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 150 | kssɨ | ksɨː | kisun | kïsï | tsï: | sï:tsï | kiʃi | kï: | *kis- | kïsuŋ | ʃisuŋ | ssuŋ | kïsï | ʃiʃuŋ | *kis- | ccuŋ | *kis- | *kir- | ki1r- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ffasɨ (to cut with scissors) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
70
⬢cut, mow, vt | *kar- | kaʔ | karu | | | | karu | karu | karu | karu | kaː | kaː ~ kaʔ | karu | | kayuN | karjun | kharuri | cut (grass etc.) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 338 | kajuN | cut (grass etc.) | Uwano 1977: 18 | hajuN | cut (grass etc.) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 445 | haN | cut (grass etc.) | Nakasone 1983: 418 | hain | kajuN | cut (grass etc.) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 301 | kaz | kal | karun | kaï | kal | NR | suri | kari: | *kar- | karuŋ | NR | karuN | karuŋ | karuŋ | *kar- | karuN | *kar- | *kar- | kar- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nagzɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
71
⬢defeat, lose | *mak | makuʔ | makuru | | | | makuru | makuru | makuru | makuru | makuʔ | makuʔ | makuru | | makiyuN | məːrjun | meheruri | lose (vi), be defeated | Osada & Suyama 1977: 686 | mëëjuN / makɨjuN | lose (vi), be defeated | Uwano 1977: 20 | maijuN | lose (vi), be defeated | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 526 | makʔiiruN | lose (vi), be defeated | Nakasone 1983: 515 | makiːn | makijuN | lose (vi), be defeated | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 360 | makiz | makil | makirun | maki | makil | maki | NR | makil | *maker- | makiruŋ | NR | makiruŋ | makiruŋ | makiruŋ | *maker- | magiruŋ | *maker- | *maker- | make2- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
72
⬢defecation | *kuso | kuso | kuso | | | | kuso | kuso | kuso | kuso | kuso | kuso | kuso | | kusu | kuɕu | kusu | faeces | Osada & Suyama 1977: 164 | kusjuu | faeces | Uwano 2017a: 147 | kusu | faeces | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 182 | kusuu | faeces | Nakasone 1983: 125 | kusuː | kusu | faeces | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 342 | fsu | fɕu | ssu | fusu | fusu | fusu | ffu | fuʃu | *kuso | fuʃu | susu | futsu | fufu | su: | *kuso | ccu: | *kuso | *kuso | kuswo |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | daiben | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | unko (nursery language) | unko (recent) | | untɕi (nursery language) | unko (nursery language) | unko | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | fun (bird's faeces) | fun (bird's faeces) | fun (bird's faeces) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | baba ~ be (nursery language) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the form baba attested as unmarked in Tottori and throughout Kansai (Nara, Kobe, Kyoto, etc.)
73
⬢die | *sin- | keɕin | ɕinu | | | | keɕinuru | ɕinuru | ɕinuru | ɕinu ~ ɕinuru | ɕin | ɕinu | ɕinu | | kusu | sɨnjun | kusu | faeces | Osada & Suyama 1977: 164 | kusjuu | faeces | Uwano 2017a: 147 | kusu | faeces | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 182 | kusuu | faeces | Nakasone 1983: 125 | ɕinun | kusu | faeces | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 342 | sɨn | sɨn | ɕinun | sïŋ | sïŋ | sïŋ | sïŋ | sïŋ | *sin- | sïnuŋ | ʃinuŋ | sïnuŋ | sïnuŋ | sïnuŋ | sin- | Nniruŋ | *sin- | *sin- | sin- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maːsun (familal)誤字 | | | | maːz-samaz (honorfici) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
74
⬢dig, vt | *por- | hoʔ | horu | | | | horu | horu | horu | horu | hoː | horu | hoʔ ~ horu | | huyuN | furjun | hururi | dig | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 349 | hujuN | dig | Uwano 1977: 19 | pujuN | dig | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 509 | puN | dig | Nakasone 1983: 499-500 | fuin | hujuN | dig | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 216 | puz | pul | purun | puï | pul | hui | NR | pul | *por- | puruŋ | puruŋ | puruŋ | puruŋ | puruŋ | *por- | huruN | *por- | *por- | por- |
75
⬢dirt, filth | ? | doro | doro | | | | doro | doro | doro (dirt in the field) | noro [Kurume, Asakura district] | doro | doro | doro | | gahwara | doro (reportedly a loan from Mainland) | hwïgoro | dirt | Osada & Suyama 1977: 183 | Ɂaa | dirt | Uwano 2017a: 147 | aa / goora | dirt | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 11, 208 | piNgu / juguuri | dirt | Nakasone 1983: 453, 588 | duruː | Ɂaka / gahwara / hwiNgu | dirt, grime | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 107, 187 | duru | duru | duru | naba | naba | NR | NR | naba | *naba | gaba | gaba: | futarï | gaba | gaba | *gaba | gaba | *gaba | *naba / *gaba | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | dobe (dirt on the street or in a ditch) | dobe (mud in the streams, ditches or on the street) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | dobasu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | muta (rare) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mitsa (mud, clay) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
76
⬢ditch | *minsə | midzo ~ midzogoː | mizo | | | | midzo ~ midzogo | | | midzo | midzo | | midzo | | Nȝu | midʑo | mizo | ditch | "Osada Suma no Amami ni Minwa to Mukashigatari (2)" 1993: 2, 117 | miizju | ditch | Uwano 2018b: 157 | koonja / nizju / hiNzju | ditch, groove | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 208, 393, 480 | zuu / mizu / mizuu | ditch, groove | Nakasone 1983: 272, 542 | | Nzju | ditch | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 438 | mdzu | mdʑu | | mizu / ŋzu | mizu | NR | NR | tu:ra | *mezo | nȝu / miȝugura | midzu | midzo:rï | mintsïŋura | nȝu | *mezo | midu / Ndu | *mezo | *mezo | mi1zo2 |
次行 | | | ide (archaic) | | | | | ide | idʑe | ide ~ idje | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ide and hori indicate dams and cannals used to water the field [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | hori ~ horiwari [Chikugo] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
77
⬢dog | *enu | in | in | in ~ inu | | | in | in | in ~ inu | in | in | in | in ~ inu | | ɁiN | in | ɁiN | dog | Osada & Suyama 1977: 841 | ɁiN | dog | Uwano 2017a: 147 | inu | dog | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 73 | ɁiNnukɁwaa | dog | Nakasone 1983: 51 | ingwaː | ɁiN | dog | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 255 | in | in ~ ina | in | iŋ | iŋ | iŋ | iŋ | ina | *enV | iŋ | iŋ | inu | iŋ | iŋ | *enu | iŋ | *enu | *enu | inu | wenu "puppy" is attested in Wamyosho
78
⬢draw (water), vt | *kum- | kun | kumu | | | | kumu | kumu | kumu | kumu | kumu | kun | kumu | | kumiN/ kunuN | kˀumjun | kumuri | draw (water) (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 339 | kɁumjuN | draw (water) (vt) | Uwano 1977: 18 | kumjuN | draw (water) (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 192 | kɁumiN | draw (water) (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 137 | kumun | kumuN | draw (water) (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 334 | fum | mː | fumun | fum | fum | fum | fum | m: | *fum- | fumuŋ | NR | fumuŋ | funuŋ | ɸunuŋ | *kum- | Nmuŋ | *kum- | *kum- | kum- |
79
⬢drill, make a hole | *pik- | hogas | | | | | hogasu | NR | hogu | hogasu | hogasu | NR | NR | | mi: atʃuN | | mïï-hogasuri | make a hole | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 357 | hugasjuN | make a hole | Uwano 2017a: 156 | ɁjuN | drill hole (with bradawl) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 78 | mii | hole | Nakasone 1983: 530 | | mii hugasuN / mii ɁakijuN | make a hole | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 215 | | | | | mm | mm | NR | m / mmasï | *Vmi | mi:pïguŋ | pikkuŋ | NR | NR | pikuŋ | *me:pik- | hikiruŋ | *pik- | *pik- | NR | The verb has the meaning of drill in the Heian era
次行 | | | | | | | | | | hodʑikuru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | akuʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | akiz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I only listed those cognates of SJ akeru where I could confirm the existence of the phrase correspondent to ana-o akeru; the meaning of 'make a hole' may in fact be more widespread in the cognates of akeru [AJ]
80
⬢drunk, be | *wep- | jokuro | jokurau | | | | NR | jekurau | | | | jopparoː | ekusaru | | wuiruN / wi:yuN | jukˀurjuri | humïkhasuri | drunk, become | Osada & Suyama 1977: 339 | juujuN | drunk, become | Uwano 2018a: 303 | huijuN | drunk, become | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 486 | uiruN | drunk, become | Nakasone 1983: 55 | | wiijuN | drunk, become | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 595 | | | | byu: | byu:l | NR | piïm | bi:fuʃ | *biyur- | bi:ŋ / biruŋ | NR | bi:takariruŋ | bi: | byu:ȝiri | *wir- | biruŋ | *wir- | *wir- | wep- |
次行 | | | | | | | | jou (to get motion sickness) | juː | jou | joː | joː | joː ~ jou | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wuijun | | | | bjuːz | biːfuɕaril | biːrun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
81
⬢dry, vi | *kawak- | kawaʔ ~ kaaʔ | kaaku | | | | kawaku (recent) | kawaku | kawaku | kawaku ~ kaːku | kawaku | kawaʔ | kawaku | | ka:racuN | kawakjun | kho(o)rakhuri | dry (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 256 | koorakjuN | dry (vi) | Uwano 1977: 24 | hoorakjuN | dry (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 521 | haaracuN / haacuN | dry (due to heat) (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 375 | haːkin | kaaracuN | dry (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 298 | kaːksɨ | | | ka:rakï | katsï | ka:tsï | NR | ka:rakï | *ka:raki- | ka:raguŋ | kha:rake:ŋ | kabakuŋ | ka:rakuŋ | ka:roŋ | *kawarak- | kabaruŋ | *kawarak- | *kawarak- | kawak- |
次行 | | koraʔ | | | | | koragu | | | | | | | | | korakjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | haːrakun | | | | kaːraksɨ | kaːraksɨ | kaːrakun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | iroku (air, laundry) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | hiagaʔ (laundry) | | | | | hiagaru (laundry) | hiru ~ hiagaru (laundry) | hiru (laundry, earth) | hiagaru (laundry) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | sajuʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
82
⬢duck | *kamo | kamo | kamo | | | | kamo | kamo | kamo | kamo | kamo | kamo | kamo | | kamu / ga:tui | | Ɂahiru | duck | Osada & Suyama 1977: 847 in entry for gaagaa | kamoo | duck | Uwano 2017b: 228 | apira / apiru | duck | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 36 | kamuu | duck | Nakasone 1983: 107 | | kamu | duck | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 305 | | | | ga:na / kamu | NR | NR | NR | ga:na | *ga: / *kamo | ka:dure: | ga:dure: | ga:turï | ga:turi | ga:tturya | *ga:tori | kutya | *ga:-tori | *kamo / ka:-tori | kamo1 | The Sakishima form is "river-bird"
次行 | | ahi | ahiː | | | | ahiru | ahiru | ahiru | ahiru | ahiː | ahiru | ahiru | | | ahiraː | | | | | | | | | | | | | ahiru | | | | | | apira (domesticated) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | native kamo 'mallard, wild duck' not available in Ryukyuan; gaːna ːalso in Okinawan (Shuri, Naha); meaning 家鴨 (ahiru)
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gaːna (domesticated) | gaːna (domesticated) | gaːdure (mallard) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
83
⬢dull | *nenpur- | nibi | | | | | nibi | nibuka | nibiː | | | nibuka ~ ninka | nibuka | | duNnasaN | | duNnasari | body movement is slow due to illness or fatigue | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 193 | duNnaahai | blunt, slow | Uwano 2018b: 172 | duNnasaN / nensaN | slow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 362, 408 | duNnaseN | dull (movement) | Nakasone 1983: 320 | | duNnasaN | blunt, slow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 179 | nivkaz | nifuɕaːl | | nivkaï | nivkal | ɲu:kai | NR | nifuʃl | *nebukar- | namaruŋ | NR | namaraŋ | namari | na:ri | namar- | NR | *nebu- / *namar- | *nebu- / *namar- | nibur- |
次行 | | | nutaka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | donka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | runnaɕen | | | | | | dunnaːn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | waruka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tsɨppo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | namariːn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nuroːn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
84
⬢dust | *pokori | hokoi | hokoi | | | | subo | | subo (bigger) | | | | | | hukui | | huhuN | dust | Osada & Suyama 1977: 903 | gumii | dust | Uwano 1977: 14 | puumu | dust | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 489 | pukʔui | dust | Nakasone 1983: 138 | | hukui | dust | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 218 | | | | puki | puki | puki | puki | puki | *poke | fukui | pukhui | fukudzï | fukuntsï | pyuʃʃi | *pukori | kkuŋ | *pukori | *pukori | NR | The word is attested around 1550
次行 | | | | | | | | | hokori (smaller, finer) | hokori | hokoi | hokoʔ | hokori | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fukkui | | | | | | fukui | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hoːmə | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gomi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gumi in Miyako: Ikema, Nagahama [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | gomi | | gomi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mtabuki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
85
⬢ear, grain | *po | ho | ho | | | | ho | ho | ho | ho | ho | ho | ho | | hu: | fu | hu | ear of grain | Osada & Suyama 1977: 789 | huu | ear of grain | Uwano 2017b: 213 | puu | ear of grain | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 486 | puu | ear of grain | Nakasone 1983: 457 | fuː | huu | ear of grain | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 224 | puː | puː | puː | pu: | pu: | hu: | pu: | pu: | *po: | pu: | pu: | pu: | pu: | pu: | *po: | hu: | *po: | *po: | po |
86
⬢earth | *mita | tsuʔ | | | | | tsutɕi | tsutɕi | tutɕi | | | | tsutɕi | | Nca | | michja | earth | Osada & Suyama 1977: 902 | Ncjaa | earth | Uwano 2018b: 142 | duru | earth, mud | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 360 | micaa | earth | Nakasone 1983: 541 | | Ncja | earth | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 434 | | | ɕitɕi | mta | mta | nta | mta | mta | *mVta | nta | mitsa "clay" | nta | akamita | dȝi: | *mita | Nta | *mita | *mita | NR | I believe tuti is a Paekche loan and mita is the original Japonic word
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | niɕa | | | | | | | | | | | | | ntɕaː | | | | mta | mta | mitsa (mud, clay) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | doro | | | | | | | doro | doro | doro | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dʑiː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
87
⬢east | *agari | higaɕ | higaɕi | | | | higaɕi | higaɕi | higaɕi | higaɕi | higaɕi | higaɕi | higaɕi | | Ɂagari | | Ɂagare | east | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 140 | Ɂagaarɨ | east | Uwano 2017b: 223 | agarii | east | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 20 | ʔagaari | east | Nakasone 1983: 5 | | Ɂagari | east | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 103 | | | | agaï | agal | aga'i | akaï | agal | *agari | a:rï | a:ru | arï / a:rï | a:ŋta | Ɂai | *aCarï | agai | *agarï | *agari | agari "rise" | Likely this word points to the direction where the sun rises
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | agarə | | | | | | | | | | | | | agaːri | | | | agaz | agal | an | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
88
⬢eat, vt. | *kurap- | kuː ~ ku | kuː | kuː | | | kuː | kuː | kuː | kuː | kuː | kuː | kuː | | kwayuN | | khamuri | eat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 321 | kamjuN | eat | Uwano 1977: 19 | koreN | eat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 211 | kʔeN | eat | Nakasone 1983: 115 | | kamuN | eat | Nishioka & Nakahara 2006: 201 | | | | fo: | fau | fau | fai | fu: | *fua- | fo:ŋ | fufai- | foŋ | fo:ŋ | foŋ | *ku(r)- | huŋ | *kur- | *kur- | kurap- "eat, drink" |
次行 | | kan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kamjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | keːn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | kuro (derogative) | kurau (derogative) | | | | kurau (derogative) | | | | kurau (derogative) | kurau (derogative) | kurau ~ kuroː (derogative) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kwain (derogative) | | | | foː | fuː | ffun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | tamoʔ (more refined) | taberu ~ tamoru (rare) | | | | taburu (new) | taburu (more refined) | taberu (more polite/feminine) | taberu (more polite) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
89
⬢eel | *unanki | unaʔ | onaːgi | unagi | | | unagi | unagi | unagi | unagi | unagi | unan | unagi | | ʔNnazi | onagi | Ɂonagi | eel | Osada & Suyama 1977: 856 | Ɂunaagi | eel | Uwano 2017b: 227 | unagi | eel | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 110 | ʔunaazi | eel | Nakasone 1983: 138 | unaːgi | ʔNnazi | eel | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 432 | unagzɨ ~ mnagzɨ | unagzɨ | unai | mnagï | unagï | NR | NR | unagï / uzï | *unagi | unai | uzi / unai | NR | NR | unai | *unai | nada / dagina | *unagi | *unagi | munagi | First attested in Heian in Myogisho
90
⬢egg | *kapinko | tamago | tamago | | | | tamago | tamago | tamago | tamago | tamago | tamago | tamago | | ku:ga | | khoga | egg | Osada & Suyama 1977: 362 | kuuga | egg | Uwano 2017b: 228 | huga | egg (of bird) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 490 | hugaa | egg; testicle | Nakasone 1983: 460 | | kuuga | egg; testicle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 345 | | | | tunaka | kuga | tunaka | tunaka | ku:ga / tunaka | *koga / *tonaka | kuga | kuga / tunaga | kɛ: | tunaga | kuŋga | *koga / *tonaka | kaiŋgu | *koga / *tonaka | *koga / *tonaka | kapi1go1 | Koga may be a related form
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kʔuga | | | | | | | | | | | | | fuga | | | | | kuga | koːma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tunaka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
91
⬢eggplant | *nasubi | nasuʔ | nasubi | | | | nasubi | nasubi | nasubi | nasubi | nasubi | nasubi | nasu | | na:ʃibi | nasɨbi | nasubi | eggplant | Osada & Suyama 1977: 801 | nasɨɨbi | eggplant | Uwano 2017b: 227 | nasibi | eggplant | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 380 | nasiibi | eggplant | Nakasone 1983: 334 | naɕiːbi | naasibi | eggplant | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 402 | nasɨpsɨ | nasɨbɨ | nasabi | na:sïpï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *na:sibi | nasabï | nasabi | nasïpi | nasapï | nasubi | *nasabi | na:ŋ | *nasVbi | *na:sVbi | NR | First attested in 1475
92
⬢enemy | *ata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | katatʃi / titʃi | | khataki / theki | enemy | Osada & Suyama 1977: 611 | katakii | enemy | Uwano 2017b: 213 | tiki | enemy | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 337 | kataacii / ticii | enemy | Nakasone 1983: 100, 297 | | kataci / tici | enemy | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 313, 516 | | | | katakï | katatsï | NR | tikï | katakï | *kataki / *teki | katakï / tikï | NR | ha: | wa:narï | tiki | *kataki / *teki | katati | *kataki / *teki | *kataki / *teki | ata | kataki is first attested in mid-Heian in Kagero nikki
93
⬢extinguish, vt | *kiyat- | kes | kesu | | | | kesu | | kesu | | kesu | kesu | kesu | | tʃa:syuN / kunsyuN | | kjeesuri | extinguish (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 363 | kɁjaasjuN | extinguish (vt) | Uwano 1977: 18 | kjaasjuN | extinguish (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 169 | ceesuN | extinguish (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 250 | | cjaasuN | extinguish (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 141 | | | | kya:sï | kisi | NR | sïtaʃi | ke:sï | *kiyas- | ke:sïŋ | NR | NR | ke:hi | kesuŋ | *kiyas- | kyaŋ | *kiyas- | *kiyas- | ke2t- | kesu is attested in mid-Heian era
次行 | | kijas | | | | | | kijasu | | kijasu | | | | | | kˀeɕun | | | | | | | | | | | | | kjaːsun | | | | kjaːsɨ | keːsɨ | keːsun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
94
⬢fall, vt (rain) | *pur- | fuʔ | furu | | | | furu | furu | furu | furu | fuː | fuʔ | fuʔ | | huyuN | furɨn | hururi | rain (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 244 | hujuN | rain (vi) | Uwano 1977: 19 | pujuN | rain (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 509 | puN | rain (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 500 | fuin | hujuN | rain (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 217 | fuz | fuː | fuːn | fuï | fu: | fu: | NR | fu: | *fu- | fui / ho:ŋ | fuŋ | fya | fufi | fufuŋ | *pur- | huruŋ | *pur- | *pur- | pur- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ajuʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
95
⬢fang | *kenopa | kiba | kiba | | | | kiba | kiba | kiba | kiba | kiba | kiba | kiba | | tʃi:ba | kˀiba | | | | kɁiiba | fang | Uwano 2018b: 152 | kiibaa | canine tooth, fang | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 159 | ciibaa | canine tooth, fang | Nakasone 1983: 249 | kiba | ciiba | canine tooth, fang | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 148 | ksɨːbaː | ksɨːba | giːbaː | pa: | pa: | pa: | pa: | pa: | *pa: | gï:ba: | gi:pa: | NR | NR | gi:ba: | *gi:ba: | c'iha | *kiba | *kiba | NR | Not attested till Heian.
96
⬢fat (oil) | *anpura | abura | abura | | | | abura | abura | abura | abura | abura | abura | abura | | ɁaNda | ʔabura | Ɂabura | fat, oil | Osada & Suyama 1977: 372 | ɁaNbaa | fat, oil | Uwano 2018a: 301 | abura | fat (n), oil | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 159 | ʔaNdaa / ʔaNraa | fat (n), oil | Nakasone 1983: 29 | ʔanra | ɁaNda | fat (n), oil | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 116 | avva | avva | aba | avva | avva | avva | avva | avva | *abura | aba / awa | aba | aba | aba | aba | *abura | anda | *abura | *abura | abura |
97
⬢female, animal | *me | mentsu (derogative) | mesu | | | | mesu | mesu | mesu | mettɕo | mentɕoː | mesu | mesu | | mi:muN | mɨː | mïï | female, animal | Osada & Suyama 1977: 831 | mɨɨmuN | female, animal | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 179 | mii | female, animal | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 543 | miimuN | female, animal | Nakasone 1983: 536 | miːmun | miimuN | female, animal | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 375 | miː | miː | miːmu | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi: | *me | mi:munu | mi:munu | NR | NR | mi:munu | *me- | mi: | *me | *me- | me1 |
次行 | | men | | | | | | | men (mostly about birds/hens) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
98
⬢ferment | *wak- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wa-cuN | | wakhuri | ferment (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 257 | huumɨcjuN | ferment (vi) | pc | pumikjuN | become humid; ferment (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 508 | pumicuN | become damp; ferment (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 495 | | humicuN | become damp; ferment (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 218 | | | | bakï | bakï | NR | NR | bakï | *bak- | baguŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *bag- | NR | *bak- | *wak- | wak- "generate" |
99
⬢fertilizer, manure | *koye | koe | kojaɕi | | | | koje | koi | | kojaɕi ~ koe | kojaɕi ~ koe | kojaʔ ~ koe | kojaɕi | | kwe: | kwəː | kwee | fertilizer, manure | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 540 | kɁwëë | fertilizer, manure | Uwano 2018b: 146 | koi | fertilizer, manure | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 205 | kʔwee | fertilizer, manure | Nakasone 1983: 145 | kwai | kwee | fertilizer, manure | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 349 | ffai | ffai | koi | ffai | NR | NR | NR | ffai | *kuwae | kwai / ko | koi | NR | ko:i | koi | *kuwae | kwai | *kuwae | *kuwae | ko1ye |
次行 | | | | | | | | daragoi (human manure) | daru (human manure) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | daru in Western Mainland (Tottori, Wakayama, Shikoku)
次行 | | | tamai (human manure) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
100
⬢field, agricultural | *patakai | hatake | hatake | | | | hatsuke | hatake | hatake | hatake | hatake | hatake | hatake | | haru / hataki | hatəː | hathe | field, agricultural | Osada & Suyama 1977: 691 | hatëë | field, agricultural | Uwano 2018a: 303 | pattai / paru | field, agricultural | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 433, 448 | paruu / patʔaakʔi | field, agricultural | Nakasone 1983: 387, 417 | | haru / hataki | field, agricultural | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 208, 209 | pataki | | pataki | pari | pal | hai | pari | pal | *parï | patagi | pataki | pïte:gi | ta:hataki | hatte | *patake | haru / hatagi | *pari / *patake | *paru / *patake | patake2 | RK *paru may be related to par- "clear land for cultivation"
次行 | | hai ~ haru | | | | | | | haru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | faruː | | | | pari | paru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kafutsɨː (a field within the range of a house's yard) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sakamadzɨː (a field on a slope) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
101
⬢field, rice | *ta | ta ~ tambo | ta | | | | ta | tannaka | ta | tambo | tanaka ~ tannaka | tambo | ta | | ta: | taː | tha | paddy field | Osada & Suyama 1977: 693 | taa | paddy field | Uwano 1977: 5 | taa | paddy field | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 277 | taa | paddy field | Nakasone 1983: 219 | taː | taa | paddy field | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 501 | taː | taː | taː | ta: | ta: | ta: | ta: | ta: | *ta: | ta: | ta: | tanaga | ta: | ta: | *ta: | ta: | *ta: | *ta: | ta |
102
⬢field, wild | *no | | | | | | | NR | | noppara | noppara | noppara | | | mo: | | | | | | | | yama | mountain, uncultivated land | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 601 | moo | hill; overgrown field | Nakasone 1983: 567 | | moo | overgrown field | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 384 | nuː | nuː | gajaːnuː | nu: | nu: | nu: | nu: | nu: | *no: | nu: | nu: | nu: | nu: | nu: | *no: | nu: | *no: | *no: | no1 | Hatoma literally means 'miscanthus' + 'field' [AJ]
次行 | | | kusajama | | | | | | | | nojama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hirayama only has an entry for 'meadow' (kusahara), hence most of my data here are complex forms/compounds [AJ]
次行 | | kusawara | | | | | kusawara | | | kusappara | | | kusahara | | | kusawara | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kusammoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | kusaba | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | harappa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
103
⬢fire | *pəi < *pəli ? | hi | hi | | | | hi | hiː | hi | hi | hi | hi | | | hwi: | | Ɂmacï | fire | Osada & Suyama 1977: 414 | ʔmaacɨ | fire | Uwano 2017b: 213 | maci | fire | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 532 | pʔii | fire | Nakasone 1983: 423 | piː | hwii | fire | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 233 | | | piː | umatsï | umatsï | umatsï | umakï | umutsï | *umati | pï: | pi: | pï: | pï: / piï | pi: | *pi: | ci: | *umaki / *pi: | *pi: | pi2 / po2- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mˀatsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | umatsɨ | umutsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
104
⬢firewood | *taki "start fire" + ki "tree" | tabbon | takimon | | | | takimon | takumon ~ takimon | takimon | takimon (from dry branches) | | | | | tamuN | | meesigï | firewood | Osada & Suyama 1977: 417 | toN | firewood | Uwano 2017b: 223 | tamunu | firewood | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 294 | tamuunu | firewood | Nakasone 1983: 238 | tamun | tamuN | firewood | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 510 | tamunu | tamunu | tamunu | tamunu | tamunu | tamunu | tamunu | tamunu | *tamono | tamunu | | ta:munu | tamunu | tamunu | *tamono | timunu | *tamono | *tamono | taki1ki2 |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | takigi | takigi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | wareki | | wareki | wariki (from split logs) | wareki (from split logs) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | maki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maːki (miscellaneous trees, tree branches) | | maːki (miscellaneous trees used as fuel) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mesɨmun ~ məsɨmun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | udʑiru (twigs used as fuel) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
105
⬢fish | *ewo | | | | | | sakana (new) | | | sakana (food) | | sakana | sakana | | iyu | | Ɂjuu | fish | Osada & Suyama 1977: 855 | Ɂjuu | fish | Uwano 2017b: 220 | ʔjuu | fish | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 77 | ʔjuu | fish | Nakasone 1983: 586 | | Ɂiju | fish | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 253 | | | | ïzu | ïzu | ïzu | ïu | ïzu | *iu | idzu | idzu | yu: | itsu | iȝu | *ezu | iyu | *eyu | *eyu | uwo / iwo | Or perhaps the first vowel is *ï
次行 | | iwo | ijo | iwo | | | iwo (archaic) | iwo | iwo (Youra in Tsukumi) | io (living fish) | iwo | | | | | ʔjuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔjuː | | | | zzu | zzu | idzu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | uo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
106
⬢fish, vt. | *tur- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕiyuN | | kuwasuri | fish (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 271 | ɁjuukɁwaasɨɨ-sjuN | fish (vt) | Uwano 2017a: 144 | kwaasjuN | fish (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 198 | kʔwaasuN | fish (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 142 | kwaːsun | cijuN | fish (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 150 | ffasɨ [Kurima] | | hoːsun | tsï: | "tsï: / tsu-bugu "fishing pole" | NR | turai (past) | tsï: | *tur- | ho:sïŋ | NR | hosuŋ | ɸo:ɸuŋ | utʃi | ? | suruN | *tur- | *tur- | tur- |
次行 | | tsuʔ | tsuru | | | | tsuru | tsuru | turu | tsuru | tsuː | tsuː ~ tsuʔ | tsuru | | | tsɨrjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tul | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
107
⬢fish for, scavenge | *asar- | asaʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɁasayuN | idʑari | Ɂasaruri | scratch around looking for (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 351 | ɁamajuN | scratch around looking for (vt) | pc | asajuN | scratch, dig (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 23 | hasaaruN | search around | Nakasone 1983: 384 | NA | ɁasajuN | search around | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 124 | asaz | aɕalː | | asaï | asal | asai | asaï | aʃal / idal | *asar- | asarago: | NR | NR | NR | NR | *asar- | Ndai | *asar- | *asar- | asar- | NHDJ entries for 潮干狩り 'shell gathering at low tide' (NHDJ 3: 222)
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | isoːparun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | ketoi (foraging for shells) | | | | | | | kaihori (foraging for shells) | | | | kaitori (foraging for shells) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | ɕiogari | | | | | | | | | | ɕiogari | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | ɕiohigjaː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | funanagusami; funadeoki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
108
⬢fishing hook | *ti | tsui-bai [Hioki] | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ɂiyuzi: | | cïbari | fishhook | Osada & Suyama 1977: 718 | cɨrɨɨ | fishhook | pc | cii | fishhook | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 299 | cii | fishhook | Nakasone 1983: 245 | | Ɂijuzii | fishhook | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 253 | | | | kï: | tsï: / tsï:gama | NR | NR | tsï: / gagï | *ti: | tsï: | ʃi: | ga:sï | tsï | ʃi: | *ti: | tsi: | *ti: | *ti: | ti |
109
⬢fishing pole | *sawo | sao ~ tsuidzao | sao | | | | sawo | sawo | sawo | sao | sao | sao | sao | | so: / ɕiNbuku | ɕoː | cïNboho | fishing rod | Osada & Suyama 1977: 718 | cɨNboo | fishing rod | Uwano 2018c: 136 | ciibuu | fishing rod | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 301 | ciNbukʔu / cinbuhu | fishing rod | Nakasone 1983: 291 | soː | ciNbuku | fishing rod | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 158 | soː | ɕoː | sau | so: / tsu-bugu | bivsï / sau | NR | NR | ʃo: / ʃau | *sau / *buku | so: / tsïbugu | sau | | za: | so: | *sau | so: / Nbugu | *sau / *boko | *sau / *-boko | sawo | *boko may come from poko2 "spear"
110
⬢fish scales | *eroko | iruko | ikko | iriko | | | | | ira | | | | | | ʔiritʃi | ikki | ʔirikhi | fish scales; dandruff | Osada & Suyama 1977: 835 | Ɂikkɨɨ | fish scales; dandruff | Uwano 2018b: 142 | iiki | fish scales; dandruff | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 49 | ʔiricii | fish scales; dandruff | Nakasone 1983: 48 | iriːki | ʔirici | fish scales; dandruff | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 258 | izki | ilki | iraki | iïki | NR | NR | NR | | *irike | iragï | iraki | irigi | iragi | iru | *eraki | itu | *eraki | *eri/aki | iroko | cf. Martin (1987:426) for *iroku or my *eroku. Final vowel unclear
次行 | | uroko | | | | | uroko | uruko | | uroko | uroko | uroko | uroko | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hatoma iraki - Ōita ira [AJ]
111
⬢flatfish, flounder | ? | ega | eːga | eː | | eiga | | | | | | | | | ka:ʃanuhwa:-iyu | | khathahiraʔju | flatfish, flounder, sole | Osada & Suyama 1977: 859 | NR | | Uwano 2017b: 226 | pibiki | largetooth flounder | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 474 | | | | | kaasjanuhwaaɁiju | sole, flounder | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 298 | iː | | | pïsa-zzu | psa-zzu | NR | NR | pïgïsïmi | *pisa-iu | katapïsa-idzu | pisa-idzu | katapïsa-iyu | katapïsa-idzu | piʃa-idʒu | *(kata)pisa-ezu | katatsa-iyu | *(kata)pisa-eyu | *(kata)pisa-eyu | NR | rays or Batoidea , Japanese ei 鱏, especially red stingray: akaei or Dasyatis akajei [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kamavta | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Itoman kamanta; Koniya (Amami) hamanta 'porcupine fish' [AJ]
次行 | | katahiraiwo 'olive flounder' | katahirajo, more usually meaning 'olive flounder' (hirame, Paralichthys olivaceus) | | | | | | | | | | | | | katahiraʔju | | | | | | | | | | | | | pirataːʔjuː | | | | [Nagahama and Sawada] pssazzu, [Ikema] ssa | | pisaidzu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | bzɨːkumja ~ bzɨːkunja (also 'fugu') | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | psɨgisɨmi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | karei | | | | | kari | kareː | kareː | | kareː | karei | karei | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | righteyed flounders, Pleuronectidae, Japanese karei 鰈 Chinese die 鲽 [AJ]
112
⬢flea | *nomi | non | noːmi | | | | nomi | nomi | nomi | nomi | nomi | non | nomi | | numi | numi | numi | flea | Osada & Suyama 1977: 874 | nuumi | flea | Uwano 2017a: 149 | nuN | flea | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 406 | numi | flea | Nakasone 1983: 361 | innumi | numi | flea | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 425 | num | num | nun | num | nom | nom | num | num | *nom | nuŋ | nuŋ | nuŋ | nuŋ | nuŋ | *nomi | nuoŋ / nuŋ | *nomi | *nomi | NR | Not attested until mid-Heian
113
⬢flour | *ko | ko | kona ~ ko | | | | kona | ko | ko | ko | ko | kona | kona | | ku: | ku | khu(u) | powder | Osada & Suyama 1977: 351 | kunaa | powder | Uwano 2017b: 214 | kuu | powder | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 176 | huu | flour | Nakasone 1983: 457 | fuː | kuu | powder | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 344 | kuː | kuː | kuː | ku: | ku: | ku: | ku: | ku: | *ko: | ku: | ku: | ku: | ku: | ku: | *ko: | kuŋ | *ko: | *ko: | ko1 |
114
⬢flow, vi | *nagar- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nagariyuN | | (i) nagareruri (ii) haruri | (i) flow (in water) (ii) flow (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 245, 279 | nagarɨjuN | flow (vi) | Uwano 1977: 27 | nagarjuN | flow (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 377 | nagaariN | flow (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 332 | | nagarijuN | flow (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 404 | | | | naga | na:ruŋ | | nakarim | nagaʃar: | *nagar- | nagariŋ | na:ruŋ | naŋgaruŋ | na:riruŋ | na:riruŋ | *nagar- | nagariruŋ | *nagar- | *nagar- | nagar- |
115
⬢fly, n | *papai | he | hjaː | | | | fe | hjaː | hai ~ heː ~ feː (archaic) | hai ~ feː (Ukihashi, Asakura) ~ heː (Chikugo) | hjaː | hjaː | hae ~ hai | | hwee | fəː | hwe | | Osada & Suyama 1977: 876 | Ɂoobai | fly | Uwano 2018b: 158 | oobai | fly (n) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 133 | pee | fly (n) | Nakasone 1983: 501 | heː | hwee | fly (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 227 | paz | paz | pai | paï | pai | hai | paï | paï | *pai | pai | pai | pe: | | pai | *pae | ubai "blue fly" | *pae | *pae | pape2 |
116
⬢"footpath between rice fields"行またがり | *a | | | | | abutɕi 'horizontal bar used when building a fence' [Kimotsuki] | | | | | | | | | ʔabusi | abusɨ | ʔabusi | path between rice fields | Osada & Suyama 1977: 693 | ʔabusi | path between rice fields | Uwano 2017a: 158 | abusi | path between rice fields | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 36 | Ɂabuusi | path between rice fields | Nakasone 1983: 18 | NA | ʔabusi | path between rice fields | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 101 | avsɨ | | | avsï / adza | NR | NR | NR | azzya | *abusi | abusï | abusi | NR | NR | NR | *abusi | amuti | *abusi | *abusi | a | Later known as aze, attested in Wamyosho
次行 | | adze | aze | | | | aʑe | aʑe | aʑe | adʑe | adʑe | adʑe | adʑe | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NA | adza | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | kodʑiː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | giɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
117
⬢fruit | *nar- | kudamon | kudamon | | | | kudamon | kudamon | kudamon | kudamon | kudamon | kudamon | kudamon ~ kudamono | | nai | | narimuN | | Osada & Suyama 1977: 789 | nai | cone of sago palm | Uwano 2018b: 148 | naimunu | fruit | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 373 | nai / naimuN | fruit | Nakasone 1983: 330 | | naimuN / nai | fruit | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 405 | | | | naï | nal | NR | m:ta | nal | *nari | narï | naru | narï | narï | nai | *nari | nai | *nari | *nari | nar- "come to fruition" | OJ word is mi2
次行 | | | | | | | | narɨmon (archaic) | narimon (also including nuts) | | | | | | | narimun ~ nari | | | | | | | | | | | | | naimun | | | | nazmunu | nalmunu | narimunu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | narimon ~ narimono also in Aomori, Sado, Kanazawa, Nagoya, Hiroshima… [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mːta (berries and other small round fruits) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
118
⬢fulling block | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔitʃabu | | (i) nïribaN (ii) ʔichjabu | (i) wooden block for beating laundry (ii) bat for beating laundry | Osada & Suyama 1977: 301, 302 | NR | | pc | NR | | pc | | | | | ʔicjabu | wooden block for beating laundry | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 245 | | | itabu | nunubaïki: | NR | NR | NR | NR | *nunubaike: | nunupïda:miyama | itabu | itagu | itabu | NR | *etabo | nunutti:yama | *etabo | *etabo | NR | kinuta, attested in Engishiki in early 900s
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kinniri-tɕitɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nunubazki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | kinuta | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
119
⬢game | *sisi | kedamon (hairy mammals) | kedamon | | | | kedamon | kedamon (hairy mammals) | kedamon | kedamon | kedamon | NA | | | yamasisi | kɨdamun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sï:sï | sï:sï | NR | NR | iʃyu | *si:si | tʃigara | | yu:turï | NR | ture:numunu | ? | NR | ? | ? Data too varied | sisi |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | kemono | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | jotsuaɕi (four-legged animals) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kidamuɕi | | | | iksɨmusɨ | iksɨmusɨ | itɕimuɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
120
⬢garlic | *peru | | | | | uhii | | | | | | | | | hwiru | hɨru | hwïru | garlic | Osada & Suyama 1977: 805 | hwɨruu | garlic | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 176 | piru | garlic | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 476 | piruu | garlic | Nakasone 1983: 451 | hiru | hwiru | garlic | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 240 | piz | pil | piru | piï | pil | NR | NR | pil | *peri | piŋ | piru | NR | NR | piŋ | *peru | hiru | *peru | *peru | piru |
次行 | | ninniku | ninniku | | | | ninniku | ninniku | ninniku | ninniku | ninniku | ninniku | ninniku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
121
⬢go, v | *ek- / *yuk- | iʔ | iku | | | | iku | iku | iku | iku | iku | | iku | | icuN | ʔikjun | Ɂikhjuri | go | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 296 | ʔikjuN | go | Uwano 1977: 18 | ikjuN / pajuN | go | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 58, 446 | hicuN | go | Nakasone 1983: 440 | ʔikun | ʔicuN | go | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 249 | iksɨ | iksɨ | | ifu | ifu | ifu | ikïm | ikï | *ek- | ikuŋ | | ŋguŋ | ikuŋ | NR | *ek- | iguŋ | *ek- | *ek- | ik- / yuk- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | juʔ | juku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | parun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
122
⬢go, advance, v | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hayuN 'run' | | haruri | flow, advance smoothly | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 245 | sɨsɨmjuN | advance | Uwano 1977: 22 | pajuN | go, voyage, flow, | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 446 | paN | run | Nakasone 1983: 419 | | meeNkai ʔaccjuN | advance | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 485 in entry for sisinuN | | | | hai | pal | hai | pɛri 'went' | pal "run" | *par- | paruŋ | paruŋ | paruŋ | paruŋ | haruŋ | *par- | hiruŋ | *par- | *par- | NR |
123
⬢go over, v | *koy- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kwi:yuN | | kweeruri | go over | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 294 | kuijuN | go over | Uwano 1977: 20 | huijuN | go over | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 486 | huiruN | go over | Nakasone 1983: 457 | | kwiijuN | go over | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 350 | | | | kui | kuril | NR | kuiru | kui: | *koer- | kuiruŋ | | kuiruŋ | kui | kuiruŋ | *koer- | kuiruŋ | *koer- | *koer- | ko1y- |
124
⬢goat | *petunsi | jaʔ | jaːgi | | | | jagi | jagi | jagi | jagi | jagi | jagi | jagi | | hwi:za: | hindʑa | hiNzja | goat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 843 | jaagi | goat | Uwano 2017b: 234 | piizjaa | goat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 457 | pɁiizaa | goat | Nakasone 1983: 425 | piːdʑaː | hwiizaa | goat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 235 | pindza | pinda | pibidza | pinza | pinza | NR | pinta | pinda | *penza | pibiza | pibiza | pimidza | pyu:tʃa | pibiza | *pemiza | hibida | *pebeza | *pebeza | pi1tuzi |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
125
⬢grass | *kusa | kusa | kusa | | | | kusa | kusa | kusa | kusa | kusa | kusa | kusa | | kusa | kusa | kusa | grass | Osada & Suyama 1977: 783 | kusjaa | grass | Uwano 2017a: 147 | kusa | grass | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 178 | kusaa | grass | Nakasone 1983: 123 | kusaː | kusa | grass | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 340 | fsa | fɕa | ssa | fusa | fusa | fusa | ffa | fuʃa | *fusa | fusa | susa | futsa | fufa / fusa | ɸusa | *kusa | cca | *kusa | *kusa | kusa |
126
⬢grave | *paka | haka | haka | | | | haka | haka | haka | haka | haka | haka | haka | | paka: / haka | hakaɕo | hakha | grave | Osada & Suyama 1977: 509 | hakaa | grave | Uwano 2018b: 153 | paka | grave | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 415 | pakɁaa / siNzu / puroo(nu)jaa | grave | Nakasone 1983: 200, 377, 499 | fakaː | haka | grave | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 202 | paka | paka | paka | paka | paka | haka | paka | paka | *paka | paka | paka | paka | paka | haka | *paka | haga | *paka | *paka | paka |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | faruː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sesoko faruː is a meaning extension of the word 'field'
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕindʑu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
127
⬢grind, vt | *pik- | hiʔ | hiku | | | | hiku | hiku | hiku | hiku | hiku | hiku | hiku | | picuN | hikjun | hikjuri | grind (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 338 | sɨkjuN | grind (vt) | pc | pikjuN | grind (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 463 | picuN | grind | Nakasone 1983: 442 | hikun | | | | psɨksɨ | psɨksɨ | pikun | pïfu | pïkï | NR | NR | pïkï | *pik- | pïkuŋ | NR | ma:sïŋ | pïkïn | piki | *pik- | NR | NR | *pik- | NR | pik- appears in Heian
次行 | | | | | | | | | suru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
128
⬢ground | *toti | dʑida | ʑiʑaː | | | | dʑida | dʑida | | | dʑiːda | | | | zi: | | zi(i) | ground | Osada & Suyama 1977: 898 | zɨN | ground | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 177 | zii | ground | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 227 | zii | ground | Nakasone 1981: 246 | | zii | ground (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 599 | | | | dzï: | dzï: | dzï: | dzï: | dzï: | *zi: | dzï: | dzï: | dzï: | dzï: | dȝï: | *zi: | di: | *zi: | *zi: | tuti | di may come from tuti
次行 | | | | | | | | | dʑibeta | dʑibeta | | dʑibeta | dʑibeta | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | dʑiutɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dzɨː | | | | | | | | | | | | | dʑiː | | | | dzɨː | dzɨː | dʑiː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | dʑimen (loan from Standard) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | ɕitadʑi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | tɕiɕo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
129
⬢grove | *mori | | | | | | mori | mori | mori | mori | moi | mori | mori | | NR | muri | | | | | | | siburuu | grove | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 251 | | | | | | | | muz | muri | | muï | mui | NR | NR | mul "hill" | *mori | yamamurasï | NR | yamamurïʃi | NR | NR | *morï | muri | *morï | *morï | mori |
次行 | | jama | jama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jamaː | | | | jama | | jama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
130
⬢grow, vi | *podor- | sodaʔ | sodatsu | | | | sodatsu (plants) | sodatsu (plants) | sodatu | sodatsu (children, formal speech) | sodatsu (children) | sodatsu ~ sodatsuʔ | sodatsu ~ sudatsu | | ʔwi:yuN | NA | hoderuri / meeruri | grow (vi) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 195, 784 | hudëëjuN | grow (vi) | Okamura et al 2006: [0099] | puduijuN / muijuN | grow (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 501, 566 | puduu-ɁuiruN / sooziN /muiruN | grow (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 55, 217, 548 | surakun | ʔwiijuN | grow (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 585 | | | sudatun | puduï | pudu:il | NR | NR | puduvu: | *podo- | fudubiŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *podor- | huduruŋ | *podor- | *podor- | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | futoru (children) | futoru (children) | | futoru (children, informal speech) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | futonaru (plants) | futoːnaː (children) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | weːgariːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | puduiz (children) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | upufu naz (plants) | upuɕanal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
131
⬢hammer, wood | *tutui | kakeja | | | | | | | | kakeja | | | | | kakizici | | sjeezïcï | hammer, wood | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 536 | cɨɨcɨ | hammer, wood | Uwano 2017a: 154 | hiizici | hammer, wood | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 457 | | | | | kakizici | hammer, wood | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 303 | | | | aitu | aitsïtsï | NR | u:kïkï / | e:tu: | aituti | aitsïtsï | aidatʃi | aitsï | aitsïtsï | aisʃi: | *aitutʃi | cigaba: / kaba | *aituti | *ai-tuti | tuti |
次行 | | doddʑi | donʑiː | | | | dontɕo | | | dontɕoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | kidzuʔ | | | | | kidzutɕi | tsutɕi | tutɕi | tsutɕi ~ kidzutɕi | ? (the word tsutɕi is given with the meaning 'metal hammer') | NA | tsutɕi | | | tsɨtsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | NA | | | | uːtsɨtsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | katadeutɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aitu (for beating straw) | eːttu (small, for hammering nails) | aidatɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ginnoː | ginnoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | uinguin (big) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | warangoro (for beating straw) | | | | | | | | warabutɕi (for beating straw) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kattɕaː (big) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
132
⬢hammer, metal | NA | kanatsuʔ | kanazutɕi | | | | kanadzutɕi | kanaɕadʑutsu | kanadutɕi | kanadzutɕi ~ kanadzutsu (archaic) | tsutɕi ~ kanatsutɕi | kanadzuʔ | | | genno: | | khanazïcï | hammer, metal | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 536 | kanaazɨcɨ | hammer, metal | Uwano 2017a: 154 | haNzici | hammer, metal | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 452 | geNnoo / haniijuci | hammer, metal | Nakasone 1983: 153, 410 | | kanizicaa | hammer, metal | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 307 | kanadzɨtsɨ | | | ginno: | NR | NR | genno: | ginno: | *genno: | "kani-aitsïtʃa:
ginno:" | NR | NR | kani-aitsu | aiʃi | *aituti | NR | *genno: | *genno: | NR | From Sino-Japanese 玄翁
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sendzɨtsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the distinction between the generic term for 'hammer' and the specific types (metal/wooden) is sometimes ambiguous
次行 | | genno (big metal hammer) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gennoː | | | | ginnoː ~ imi-ginnoː | uːginnoː | gennoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
133
⬢harvest | *aki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ɂaci | | (i) Ɂaki (ii) Ɂniikhari | (i) (rice) harvest (ii) rice harvest | Osada & Suyama 1977: 698, 699 | (i) tuiɁiirɨ (ii) Ɂinɨkai | (i) harvest (ii) rice harvest | pc | kibaidaka | harvest (n) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 164 | tuiɁiri | harvest | Nakasone 1983: 305 | | | | | | | | akï | akï | NR | NR | akï | *aki | akï | aki | asï | aki | aki | *aki | ati | *aki | *aki | NR |
次行 | | toiage | toijage | | | | | toriage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | toriire | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | ɕukaku | ɕuːkaku | | | | ɕuːkaʔ | ɕuːkaku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | sunoː | | ɕino | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tuztati | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
134
⬢harvest, vt | *kar- | kaʔ | karu | | | | karu | karu | karu | karu | kaː | kaː ~ kaʔ | karu | | kayuN | karjun | Ɂaki-sjuri | harvest (rice) (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 698 | NR | | pc | usjoosjuN | harvest (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 97 | haN | cut, mow, harvest | Nakasone 1983: 418 | hain | kajuN | cut, mow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 301 | kaz | kal | karun | kaï | kal | bui / kai | NR | kal | *kar- | akïsïŋ / karuŋ | karuŋ | karuŋ | NR | karuŋ | *kar- | mai-kai | *kar- | *kar- / *aki | kar- | Miyako has no specific verb. Thus they have bu:dʒu bui "Break sugarcane," or mudʒu kai "cut wheat."
135
⬢hawk, falcon | *taka | waɕ | aɕi | | | | waɕi | waɕi | waɕi | waɕi | waɕi | waɕi | waɕi | | taka | waɕi | thaha | kite (bird) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 848 | taa | hawk, falcon | Uwano 2018b: 147 | taa | hawk, falcon | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 277 | takʔaa | hawk, falcon | Nakasone 1983: 223 | waɕi | taka | hawk, falcon | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 506 | | | baɕi | taka | taka | taka | taka | taka | *taka | taka | taka | NR | NR | ta: | *taka | taga | *taka | *taka | taka |
次行 | | | | | | taka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | taka | taka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
136
⬢hear, vt | *kik- | kiʔ | kiku | | | | kiku | kiku | kiku | kiku | kiku | kiku | kiku | | cicuN | kikjun | kikjuri | hear, listen, ask | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 329 | kikjuN | hear, listen, ask | Uwano 1977: 18 | kikjuN | hear, listen, ask | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 161 | sicuN / hicuN | hear, listen, ask | Nakasone 1983: 185, 441 | kikun | cicjuN | hear, listen, ask | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 146 | ksɨksɨ ~ tsɨksɨ | ksɨksɨ | sɨkun | tsïkï | kïkï | tsïtsï | kïkïm | kïkï | *kik- | sïkuŋ | ʃikuŋ | sïkuŋ | sukuŋ | ʃikuŋ | *kik- | kkuŋ | *kik- | *kik- | *ki1k- |
137
⬢heart, mind | *kimo | kokoro | kokoro | | | | kigokoro | kokoro | kokoro | kokoro | kokoro | kokoro | | | tʃimu | koːro | kimo | mind; liver | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 396 | kɁimuu | mind; liver | Uwano 2017a: 147 | kimu | mind; liver | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 165 | cimuu | mind; liver | Nakajin 1983: 260 | | cimu | mind; liver | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 154 | kukuru | | kukuru | kïmu | tsïmu | tsïmo | kïmu | kïmu | *kimo | kïmu | sumu | ʃimu | kïmu | ʃiwu: | *kimo | cimu | *kimo | *kimo | ki1mo1 |
次行 | | | | | | | kimotɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ksɨmutsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | ɕonen 'psyche' | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kiːmu | | | | ksɨmu | ksɨmu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
138
⬢hearth, stove | *kama | kudo | kudo | | | | | kudo | kudo | | kudo | | | | kama | | khamado | hearth, stove | Osada & Suyama 1977: 416 | kamaa | hearth, stove | Uwano 2017a: 143 | hama | hearth, stove | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 442 | hamaadu | hearth, stove | Nakasone 1983: 412 | | kama | hearth, stove | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 304 | | | | kama / kamadu | kama / kamadu | NR | NR | NR | *kama(do) | kamadu | kamatʃi | kama | kamandu | kama | *kama(do) | kamadu | *kama(do) | *kama(do) | kama | kudo attested throughout mainland, likely has Proto-Japonic origins [AJ]
次行 | | jurui | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | furo | | | kuro | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | kamado | | | | | kamado | kamado | | | kama | | | | | | | | | | | | | hamaːru | | | | ukama | kamadu | kamatɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
139
⬢heavy | *əmə- | obi | obuka | | | | | | | | ofutaka | | | | ɁNbusaN | ʔubuɕan | Ɂubusari | heavy | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 157 | ɁoboohaN | heavy | Uwano 1977: 27 | uNsaN | heavy | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 126 | ɁubuseN | heavy | Nakasone 1983: 67 | ʔubuɕen | ɁNbusaN | heavy | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 430 | | | | ivkaï | yuvkal | mbukai | ifukam | ivʃa:l | *ebukar- | mbusa:ŋ | guffaru- | ŋsahaŋ | mbohaŋ | i:saŋ | *ibu- | iNsaŋ | *ebu- | *ebu- | omo- | *empo may be the PJ form
次行 | | | | | | | onte | omuka | omuteː | omutaka | | omoka | omoka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ivkaz | ivɕaːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | guffan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
140
⬢hemp | *wo | asa | asa | | | | asa | asa | asa | asa | asa | asa | asa | | Ɂasa | | | | | NR | | Uwano 2017a: 152 | mahuu | hemp | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 537 | Ɂasaa | hemp | Nakasone 1983: 8 | | Ɂasa | hemp | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 123 | asa | | | bu: | bu: | NR | pu: | bu: nunu | *bu: | bu: | NR | bu: | basa | bu: | *wo: | bu: | *wo: | *wo: | wo |
次行 | | o | | | | o | wo | o | o (as in 'to weave hemp thread') | | | | | | | wuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | maːwuː | | | | buː | buː | buː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | *wo also in Ōzu (Ehime), Hiroshima, Tottori, Kyoto, Gokayama; in Ōzu, asa is the more general term and o only refers to the plant [AJ]
141
⬢hide (skin) | *kapa | kaa | kaa | | | | | | | | | | | | ka: | | kho(o) | hide, skin | Osada & Suyama 1977: 182 | koo | hide, skin | Uwano 2018b: 148 | hoo | hide, skin | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 518 | haa | hide, skin | Nakasone 1983: 369 | haː | kaa | hide, skin | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 297 | kaː | kaː | kaː | ka: | ka: | ka: | ka: | ka: | *ka: | ka: | ka: | ka: | ka: | ka: | *ka: | ka: | *ka: | *ka: | kapa |
次行 | | kawa (bark of a tree, peel of a fruit etc.) | | | | | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | | | koː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
142
⬢hill | *woka | oka | oka | | | | oka | oka | oka (formal, refined speech) | oka | NA | oka | oka | | mui | | Ɂjenajamaakkwa | hill | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 549 | mui | hill | Uwano 2017a: 145 | mui | hill | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 564 | moo / mui | hill | Nakasone 1983: 548 | | mui | hill | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 388 | | | | mni: | mul | NR | mmi | mul | *mori | murï | muri | murï | murï | muri | *mori | murï | *mori | *mori | woka |
次行 | | | | | | | | | haru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the Ōita word also has the meaning 'cultivated field'
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | muri | | | | | | | | | | | | | mui | | | | | | muru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mmi | mmi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
143
⬢hoe | *kupa | kwa | | | | | kwa | kwa | kwa ~ kuwa | kuwa | kwa | gan | kuwa | | kwee | | thocimuN | hoe | Osada & Suyama 1977: 470 | toogwëë | hoe | Uwano 2018b: 161 | koici | hoe | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 206 | kɁwee | hoe | Nakasone 1983: 145 | kwai | kwee | hoe | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 349 | ffatsɨ | ffatsɨ | | ffatsï | ffatsï | ffatsï | ffakï | ffatsï | *kuwati | kana-pai | kana-pai | pɛ: | kana-pa:i | pai | *paï | paŋai | *pagaWaï | *kupai / *pagaWaï | kupa |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kanapai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | toːgwa 唐鍬 | toːga | | | | | | | toːguwa (for digging out bamboo sprouts and deep roots) | | | | | | toːgəː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | toːgɨ (also used for crushing stones) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | kintsu (for digging out potatoes) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
144
⬢horn | *tuno | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕinu | | cïno | horn | Osada & Suyama 1977: 832 | cɨnoo | horn | Uwano 2017a: 148 | cinu | horn | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 315 | cinuu | horn | Nakasone 1983: 256 | | cinu | horn | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 157 | | | | tsïnu | tsïnu | nnu | kïnu | nnu | *tino | tsïnu | ʃinu | sïnu | tsïnu | sunu | *tuno | Nnuŋ | *tuno | *tuno | tuno1 |
145
⬢hot water | *yu | ju | ju | | | | ju | ju | ju | ju | ju | ju | ju ~ saju | | yu: | ju | juu | hot water | Osada & Suyama 1977: 341 | juu | hot water | Uwano 2017b: 213 | juu | hot water | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 609 | juu | hot water | Nakasone 1983: 585 | juː | juu | hot water | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 293 | juː | juː | juː | yu: | yu: | yu: | yu: | yu: / atsïmizï | *yu: | yu: | yu: | yu: | yu: | yu: | *yu: | du: | *yu: | *yu: | yu |
次行 | | | | | | | tɕa (hot water for drinking) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
146
⬢hungry, be, vi | *? | NA | | | | | katsueru | | katujuru | katsueru | | | | | ya:saN | | jowasari | hungry, be | Osada & Suyama 1977: 325 | joohai | hungry, be | Uwano 2018b: 171 | joosjaN | hungry, be | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 628 | jaaseN | hungry, be | Nakasone 1983: 572 | | jaasaN | hungry, be | Okinawago Jiten 1966: Okinawago Jiten 1966: 271 | | | katɕirun | ya:sïkaï | ya:skal | ya:skai | ja:sakam | ja:ʃa | *ya:s- | ya:sa:ŋ | ya:saru-aru | yahaŋ | ya:ha:ŋ | ya:ʃaŋ | *ya:s- | da:saŋ | *ya:s- | *ya:s- | uwe- | These must be unrelated words in Japanese and RK
次行 | | | | | | | | katsururu | | katsururu (Kurume) | katsuruʔ | | | | | kattsɨrjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | while katsueru is attested throughout Mainland, the shorter form katsuru may be a Kyushu-Ryukyuan innovation.
次行 | | | hara-no heru | | | | hara-ga heru | hara-ga heru | | hara-no heru | hara-n hetta | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | ujuʔ | ujuru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jaːɕen | | | | jaːsɨkaz | jaːɕaːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wugariːn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | batamntaɕaːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
147
⬢hurt, damage, vt. | *yam- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | yanuN | | jamuri | hurt, damage (vi) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 212 | jamjuN | hurt, damage (vi) | Uwano 1977: 19 | jamjuN | hurt, damage (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 605 | jamiN | hurt, damage (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 582 | | jamuN | hurt, be ill | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 279 | | | | yam | | | | yami: | *yam- | yamuŋ | yamuŋ | yamuŋ | yamuŋ | yamuŋ | *yam- | damuŋ | *yam- | *yam- | yam- |
148
⬢husband | *wo-pitə "male person" | | | | | | | | | | | | | | utu | | uthu | husband | Osada & Suyama 1977: 586 | utuu | husband | Uwano 2017b: 220 | hutu | husband | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 501 | utɁuu / uttɁuu | husband | Nakasone 1983: 64 | | utu | husband | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 578 | | | | butu | butu / boto | butu / boto | butu | butu | *woto | butu | butu | butu | butu | buttu | *woto | buttu | *woto | *woto | wopi1to2 |
149
⬢husk | *kərə | mongara | momigara | | | | momigara | momigara | | momigara | momigara | mongara | momigara | | guru | | kho(o) | shell, shed skin | Osada & Suyama 1977: 835 | kuu | shell, husk | Uwano 2017a: 146 | guu | shell, shed skin | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 176 | guruu | husk, shed skin | Nakasone 1983: 139 | hara | guru | husk, shell | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 193 | mumgaː | | | guru | guru/ gu: | NR | NR | ku: | *guru | guru | NR | NR | NR | NR | *goro | Ndikuru | *goro | *goro | kara | momi 'unhulled rice' [AJ]
次行 | | aranuka | | | | | aranuka | | mominuka | mominuka | nuka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aramutu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sɨkubu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | puki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
150
⬢hut, shed | *ipo | koja | koja | | | | koja | koja | koja | koja | koja | koja | koja | | ya:gwa: | kuja | jadori | hut, shed | Osada & Suyama 1977: 383 | jadui | hut, shed | pc | jaadui | hut, shed | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 590 | jaNkwaa | hut, shed | Nakasone 1983: 570 | | jaagwaa | hut, shed | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 271 | | | | banya | asagigami | NR | ya: | tacï / banya: | "*asagi-
*banya:" | "banya:
asagiya:" | NR | NR | NR | NR | "*asagiya:
*banya:" | dati / haruya | "*asagi-
*banya:" | *ya | ipo | Koya is attested in Heian glosses to Nihon shoki, but refers to a mosquito net. Not the same word?
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jaː | | | | jaː | ɕuijaː ~ jaː | jaːma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | toːvva | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
151
⬢illness | *yame | jamme | jammjaː | | | | | | | | | | | | yami / yaNme: | | jami | illness | Osada & Suyama 1977: 202 | jamii | illness | Uwano 2017a: 157 | jaNmee | illness | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 607 | jaNmee | illness | Naksone 1983: 584 | jammeː | jaNmee | illness | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 280 | | | jammai | yam | yam | yam | yam | yam | *yamV | yaŋ | yami | yamaŋ | yamai / yaŋ | yaŋ | *yami | dami | *yame | *yame | yami |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jam | jam | jami ~ jan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | fammjaː (archaic; rare) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | ambe 'health condition' | | | ambai 'health condition' | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | guai 'health condition' | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | itami | | | itami | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | wazurai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | bjoːki | | | | | | bjoːki | bjoːki | bjoːki | bjuːki | bjoːki | | | bjoːki ~ bjoːkə | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | bjoːksɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
152
⬢insect | *mosi | muɕ | muːɕi | | | | muɕi | muɕi | muɕi | muɕi | muɕi | mui | muɕi | | musi | musɨ | musi | insect | Osada & Suyama 1977: 873 | musɨɨ | insect | Uwano 2017a: 145 | musi | insect | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 569 | musii | insect | Nakasone 1983: 551 | muɕi | musi | insect | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 395 | musɨ | musɨ | muɕi | musï | musï | musï | musï | musï | *mosï | musï | muʃi | muʃi | musï | muʃi | *mosi | muci | *mosi | *mosi | musi |
153
⬢intestines, guts | *wata | | haraata | | | | harawata (fish intestines) | harawata | harawata ~ wata | | | haranwata | harawata | | watamun / wata | | nakhami | pig's intestines | Osada & Suyama 1977: 360 | kʔimuhuuka | intestines | Uwano 2018c: 139 | kimupuku | intestines | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 168 | wataa / watamuN | intestines | Nakasone 1983: 613, 615 | watamun | watamiimun / wata | intestines | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 593 | bata | bata | bata | bata | bataga: | bata | NR | magal | *bata | udzo:-bada | NR | bata | NR | batta / bata | *wata | bata | *wata | *wata | wata |
次行 | | dzodzowata | | | | | | | | dzoːbata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | sempirowata (human intestines) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nakami | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | dʑigo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nakami | nakami | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
154
⬢irrigate, vt | *urup- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔuri: | | mïzï-hikuri | irrigate | Osada & Suyama 1977: 693 in entry for tha | mɨzɨharasjuN | irrigate | pc | NR | | pc | mizii-paraasuN | irrigate | Nakasone 1983: 539 | | | | | | | | uri | uri: | NR | NR | urum | *ur- | sïmiruŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *simer- | uri | *ur- | *ur- | urup- "get wet" |
155
⬢island | *sema | ɕima | ɕima | | | | ɕima | ɕima | ɕima | ɕima | ɕima | ɕima | ɕima | | sima | sɨma | sima | island | Osada & Suyama 1977: 899 | sɨmaa | island, hometown | Uwano 2017a: 148 | sima | island, village | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 251 | simaa | island, village | Nakasone 1983: 192 | ɕimaː | sima | island, home town | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 474 | sɨma | sɨma | ɕima | sïma | sïma | sïma | sïma | sïma | *sima | sïma | ʃima | sïma | sïma | ʃima | *sima | cima | *sima | *sima | sima |
156
⬢jar | *tupo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕibu | tsʔɨbu | cïbu | jar | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 536 | kaamɨ | jar | Uwano 2017a: 144 | cjuucibu | 36 litre jar | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 321 | cibuu | jar | Nakasone 1983: 259 | mimtɕibu | cibu | jar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 144 | tsɨbu | | subu | tsïbu | tsïbu | tsïbu | tsïbu | tsïbu | *tibo | tsïbu | NR | sïpu | tsïbu | subu | *tubo | ccibu | *tubo | *tubo | tupu / tupo | Hirara, Saga forms => Japanese tokuri
次行 | | tsubo | tsubo | | | | tsubo | tsubo | tubo | tsubo | tsubo | tsubo | tsubo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tufuz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | tokkuri | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
157
⬢journey | *tabi | taʔ | tabi | | | | tabi | tabidatɕi | tabi | tabi | tabi | tabi | tabi | | tabi | tabi | thabi | journey | Osada & Suyama 1977: 736 | tabii | journey | Uwano 2018b: 151 | tabi | journey | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 291 | tabii | journey | Nakasone 1983: 236 | tabi | tabi | journey | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 503 | tabzɨ | tabɨ | tabi | tabï | tabï | tabi | tabï | tabï | *tabi | tabï | NR | tapï | tabi | tabi | *tabi | tabi | *tabi | *tabi | tabi1 |
次行 | | | | | | | | josoiki (rare) | | josoiki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | doːtɕuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | rjokoː | rjokoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
158
⬢jug, wide mouth | *kame | mingame (water jug) | kame | | | | ɕotɕugame (wine jug) | kame | kame | kame | kame | kame | kame | | ka:mi | kamɨ | khamï | jug, wide mouth | Osada & Suyama 1977: 454 | kaamɨ | jug, wide mouth | Uwano 2018b: 156 | hami | jug, wide mouth | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 444 | hami | jug, wide mouth | Nakasone 1983: 413 | hami | kaami | jug, wide mouth | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 298 | kami (also 'jar') | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | *kame | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | *kame | kami | *kame | *kame | kame | vowel unclear
次行 | | handzu ~ handzugame | hanʑuː (water jug) | | | | handzu (water jug) | | hando (water jug) | | handʑuː (water jug) | | handogame (water jug) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fanruː (relatively big water jug) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | handoː also in Hiroshima, Izumo and Yamaguchi
159
⬢kettle | *pagama | hagama, tɕagama | hagama | | | | hagama | kama | kama, hagama | hagama | hagama | hagama | kama | | hagama | hagama | (i) chjokha (ii) hagama | (i) kettle (ii) rice cooker | Osada & Suyama 1977: 453 | (i) cjuuka (ii) hagaama | (i) kettle (ii) rice cooker | Uwano 2018b: 141, 155 | (i) jakkwaN (ii) pagama | (i) kettle (ii) rice cooker | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 417, 597 | (i) jakkɁwaN (ii) pagaama | (i) kettle (ii) rice cooker | Nakasone 1983: 577, | faːgama | (i) jakkwaN (ii) hagama | (i) kettle (ii) rice cooker | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 200, 281 | pagama | pagama | pangama | pagama | pagama | pagama | pagama nabi | pagama | *pagama | pagama | paŋgama | pagama / k'ama | hangama | haŋga: | *pagama | haNgama | *pagama | *pagama | pagama | hagama also elsewhere in Mainland
160
⬢kill | *kərəs- | koros | korosu | | | | korosu | korosu | korosu | korosu | korosu | korosu | korosu | | kurusyuN | kutɕun ~ kuɕɕun | khussuri | kill | Osada & Suyama 1977: 687 | kussjuN | kill | Uwano2018b: 157 | hurusjuN | kill, murder | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 511 | (i) kurusuN (ii) sinaasuN | (i) beat, kill (ii) kill | Nakasone 1983: 139, 188 | kurusun | kurusuN | kill, beat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 339 | kurusɨ | kurusɨ | kurasun | kurusï | kurusï | kurasï | kurusï | kurusï | *koros- | kurusïŋ | khurasuŋ | kurusaŋ | kurafuŋ | kurasuŋ | *koros- | kuruŋ | *koros- | *koros- | ko2ro2s- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | otosu (to slaughter cattlel) | otosu (to kill a fish for a fresh meal) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | ɕimeru (eg. poultry) | ɕimeru (to slaughter poultry) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | tsubusu (to slaughter poultry) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
161
⬢kill, murder | *sis- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NR | | khussuri | kill | Osada & Suyama 1977: 687 | kussjuN | kill | Uwano2018b: 157 | hurusjuN | kill, murder | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 511 | (i) kurusuN (ii) sinaasuN | (i) beat, kill (ii) kill | Nakasone 1983: 139, 188 | | NR | kill, beat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 339 | | | | sïnasï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *sinas- | sïnasïŋ | NR | NR | sïnau | sïnasuŋ | *sinas- | NR | *sinas- | *sinas- | sis- |
162
⬢knead | NA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kunasuN "grind" | | nïruri | knead | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 346 | nɨjuN | knead | Uwano 1977: 19 | niijuN | knead | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 391 | niN | knead | Nakasone 1983: 351 | | niijuN | knead | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 416 | | | | kunasï | kunasï | NR | NR | kunasï / kunil | *konas- | kunasïŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *konas- | kuniruŋ | *konas- / *koner- | *konas- | NR | konas- appears in early Edo
163
⬢knife | NA | hotɕo | hoːtɕoː | | | | hotɕo | hoːtɕoː | hoːtɕoː | hoːtɕoː | hoːtɕoː | hoːtɕoː | hoːtɕoː | | ʃi:gu | hoːɕa | khogathana / naihu | knife | Osada & Suyama 1977: 462 | kugataana | knife, small | Uwano 2018b: 165 | s御剪具igu | knife, small | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 236 | siiguu | knife, small | Nakasone 1983: 171 | hoːtɕaː | siigu | knife, small | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 470 | poːtsɨ | poːtɕagatana | poːtsaː | ʃi:gu | ʃi:ga | NR | ʃi:ku | ʃi:gu | *se:gu | ʃiŋgu | uʃiŋgu | NR | ʃiŋgo:ma | ʃiŋgo: | *(u)singu | ʃiŋo: | *(u)sengu | *(u)sengu | NR | From Sino-Japanese 御剪具
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hataːna (hatchet) | | | | katana | katana | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕiːgu ~ ɕiːgugatana (for cutting fish) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nata (for cutting fish or pork) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
164
⬢knit | *am- | an | amu | | | | amu | amu | amu | amu | amu | an | amu | | amiN | ʔamjun | | | | ʔamjuN | knit | Uwano 1977: 19 | amjuN | knit | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 41 | ɁamiN | knit | Nakasone 1983: 21 | ʔamun | kumuN | plait, weave, knit | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 334 | am | am | | am | am | am | am | am / amasï | *amV | amuŋ | amuŋ | amuŋ | amuŋ | | *am- | Nmuŋ | *am- | *am- | am- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | utsu (straw mat) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | uttun (straw mat) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fumun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
165
⬢ladder | *pasi | haigo | haɕigo | | | | haɕigo | haɕigo | haɕigo | haɕigo | haɕigo | haɕigo | haɕigo | | hasi | | hasigo | ladder | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 535 | hasɨɨ | bridge, ladder | Uwano 2017a: 146 | pasi | ladder | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 422 | | | | | hasi | ladder | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 208 | | | paɕigo | pasï | pasï | NR | NR | ffabasi | *pasi | pasï | paʃi | patsï | patsï | paʃi | *pasi | haci: | *pasi | *pasi | pasi |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | haɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | faɕi | | | | jaːnuzbasɨ | ffabasɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hirara literally means 'a bridge/ladder for climbing inside the house' [AJ]
166
⬢ladle | *nebo | hiɕaʔ ~ hisaʔ | | | | | hiɕaku ~ ɕaku | | hiɕaku | hiɕaku | hiɕaku | hiɕaku | hiɕaku ~ kiɕaku | | ni:bu | | nïbu | ladle | Osada & Suyama 1977: 455 | nɨɨbu | ladle | Uwano 2017b: 218 | nibu | ladle | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 395 | nibu | ladle | Nakasone 1983: 350 | | niibu | ladle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 416 | | | | niv | saki-nibu | NR | NR | niv | *nebu | ni:bu | NR | nibu | ni:bo:ma | mi:bo: | *nebu | nibu | *nebo | *nebo | NR |
次行 | | | fusaːku | | | | | fuɕaku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nibu | | | | | | | | | | | | | nibu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | saɕi | saɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fudaru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
167
⬢lick, vt | *nam- | namuʔ | namuru | | | | namuru | | | | namuʔ | namuʔ | namuru | | nanbiN | naburjun | namïruri | lick (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 326 | nabujuN | lick (vt) | Uwano 1977: 21 | naamjuN | lick (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 371 | naNbiN | lick (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 344 | namin | | | | namː | namː | nabeːrun | nam | nam | NR | nam | nammi / nam: | *nam- | nubuŋ | NR | nuffe:ruŋ | nubi | ni:ri | *nub- | nabiNdiruŋ | *nub- / *nam- | *nam- / *nub- | nam- |
次行 | | | | | | | | neburu | neburu | neburu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
168
⬢lid | *puta | futa | futa | | | | futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | | huta | futa | huta | lid | Osada & Suyama 1977: 467 | hutaa | lid | Uwano 2017a: 145 | (i) puta (ii) siNta | (i) lid (ii) straw lid | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 269, 497 | putɁaa / patɁaa | lid | Nakasone 1983: 474 | futa | huta | lid | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 223 | futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | *futa | futa | futa | futa | futa | ɸuta | *puta | tta | *puta | *puta | puta |
169
⬢lie, falsehood | *yəkəs- | uso | uso | | | | uso | uso | uso | | | uso | uso | | yukusi | | sïro | lie, falsehood | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 525 | munɨNgi | lie, falsehood | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 179 | juku | lie, falsehood | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 613 | gamaa / (mi)naamuN, jukɁusii | lie, falsehood | Nakasone 1983: 105, 329, 543, 588 | | jukusi | lie, falsehood | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 288 | | | | daraka | darafu | NR | puraʃi | mnafuʃu | *daraku | yukuʃi / darui | yukuʃimunu | yukusïmunu | yukosïmuni | n:natsusu: | *yokosi | tubya / k'asi | *daraku / *yokosi | *yokosi | yo2ko2s- "speak ill of" |
次行 | | | ɕiragoto (extinct) | | | | | | | suragoto ~ suragotsu | suragoto | | suragoto | | | sɨro | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | dama ~ damagoto | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | uba | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | naːmun | | | | | mmafuɕumunu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | taraka ~ daraka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jukuɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
170
⬢life | *inəti | inoʔ | inotɕi | | | | | inotɕi | inotɕi | inotɕi | inotɕi | inoʔ | inotɕi | | nuci / Ɂinuci | ʔinutsɨ | Ɂnju(u)ci | life | Osada & Suyama 1977: 200 | Ɂinucɨɨ | life | Uwano 2017b: 226 | inuci / nuci | life | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 73, 402 | Ɂinucii / nucii | life | Nakasone 1983: 44, 358 | nutɕiː | nuci | life | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 423 | nnutsɨ | nutsɨ ~ ntsɨ | nutɕi | nnutsï | inutʃï | nnutsï | NR | nutsï | *enoti | nutsï | NR | nutsï | inatsï | inutʃi | *inoti | nutti | *enoti | *enoti | ino2ti |
次行 | | ʑimjo ~ ʑumjo | | | | | ʑumjo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
171
⬢loom, n | *pata | hataoi kikai | | | | | | | | | | | | | nunubata | | hathamuN | loom (n) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 289 | hatoN | loom (n) | Uwano 2017a: 146 | patamunu | loom (n) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 429 | nunuubatɁaa / patɁaa | loom (n) | Nakasone 1983: 360, 386 | | nunubata | loom (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 425 | patamunu | patamunu | patumunu | patamunu | patamono | hatamono | nunubata | pata | *pata- | pato:munu | patumunu | NR | NR | hataunu | *pata- | hata | *pata- | *pata- | pata |
172
⬢lose, miss, vt. | *usinap- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɁusinayuN | | sïtïruri | throw away; lose (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 231 | ɁwɨɨsɨnojuN | lose (vt) | pc | siisineN / mucisineN | lose (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 228, 571 | husinaN | lose (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 469 | | ɁusinajuN | lose (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 565 | | | | sïti: nya:ŋ | sïtil | NR | ʃitim | ne:n naʃi | *siti-na- | ne:n nasïŋ / usïnai | NR | uʃinahe: | ne:na:na:ɕi | ɸuNdaruŋ | *usina- | udugiruŋ | *usina- | *usina- | usinap- |
173
⬢lost, get, become | *madop- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mudurucuN / za:ma | | mici-naN majouri | lost, get, become | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 405 | ɁamorɨjuN | lost, get, become | pc | micimaadui-sjuN | lost, get, become | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 559 | dumaNgiN | panic; become lost | Nakasone 1983: 316 | | zjaama ɁucicirijuN | lost, get, become | Nishioka & Nakahara 2006: 202 | | | | yurari | yuraril | NR | yurarim | yuraril | *yurar- | dzamaduruŋ | NR | sïmaduryaŋ | dzamanduri | mayui | *zamadur- | maduŋ | *yurar- / *zamadur- | | mado1p- |
174
⬢louse | *sirami | ɕitame | ɕirame | | | | ɕirame | ɕirame | ɕirame | ɕirami | ɕirami | ɕiran | ɕirami | | sa:mi / siraN | sɨran | siraN | louse | Osada & Suyama 1977: 875 | sɨnaN | louse | Uwano 2017b: 227 | sjaN | louse | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 257 | saami / siraami | louse | Nakasone 1983: 159, 197 | ɕiran | siraN | louse | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 482 | ssam | ssam | ssan | ssam | ssam | ssam | ssam | ssam | *sisam | sïsaŋ | susaŋ | saŋ | sïsaŋ | sisaŋ | *siraN | ccaŋ | *siramV | *sirami | sirami | Vowels unclear
175
⬢mackerel | *katuwo | saba | saba | | | | saba | saba | saba | saba | saba | saba | saba | | katʃu: | saba | khaccuo | skipjack tuna | Osada & Suyama 1977: 857 | kacɨɨo | skipjack tuna | Uwano 2017b: 220 | kacuu | skipjack tuna | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 144 | kacuu | skipjack tuna | Nakasone 1983: 102 | NA | kacjuu | skipjack tuna | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 300 | saba (salt-marinated import from Mainland) | ɕaba (salt-marinated import from Mainland) | NA | katʃu: | NR | NR | NR | katʃu: | *kat | katsu: | katsu-izu | katʃu: | katʃu: | katʃu-iʒu | *kat | katsu: | *kat | *katuo | katuwo |
176
⬢male, animal | *weke- | | osu | | | | otsuko ~ okko (in compounds, eg. okkoin 'male dog', okkobuta 'male pig') | osu | osu | | | osu | osu | | ikiga / u:muN | | uu | male, animal | Osada & Suyama 1977: 831 | uumuN | male, animal | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 179 | huu | male, animal | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 486 | (i) uumuN (ii) ikɁigaa | (i)male, animal (ii) man | Nakasone 1983: 59 | | uumuN | male, animal | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 579 | | | | biki | biki | biki | piki | bikï | *beke | bigimunu | bikimunu | NR | NR | bigimunu | *beke | bigi | *beke | *weke- | NR | This word is peculiar to Ryukyuan
次行 | | on | | | | | | | on (usually referring to a rooster) | ottɕoː | ontɕoː | | | | | wuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | wuːmun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | biki | biki | bikimuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
177
⬢meat, flesh | *mə-i | | mi | | | | mi | mi | mi | NR | NA | NR | | | mi | NR | sisi | meat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 358 | (i) sɨsɨɨ (ii) mii | (i) meat from 4-legged animal (ii) fish or poultry | Uwano 2018b: 142 | sisi | meat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 238 | sii / sisii | meat | Nakasone 1983: 170, 180 | | sisi | meat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 485 | miz | | | miï | mï: | NR | miï | mï: | *mi: | mï: | mi: | me: | NR | NR | *mai | mi: | *maWi | *maWi | mi2 "body, flesh" |
次行 | | niʔ | | | | | | | | | | | niku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | niku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | duː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕiːɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
178
⬢meat, game | *sisi | niʔ | niku | | | | niku | niku | niku | niku | niku | niku | niku | | ʃiʃi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sï:sï | sï:sï | sï:sï | sï:sï | sï:sï | *si:si | sïsï | ʃi:ʃi | sïsï | ʃiʃi | NR | *si:si | ccici | *si:si | *si:si | sisi |
次行 | | | mi | | | | | | | | | | | | | miː ~ mɨː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | miz | mɨː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕiɕiː | | | | sɨːsɨ (red pork) | sɨːsɨ | ɕiːɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
179
⬢melon | *uri | ui | ui | | | | kinuri, nauri [various subtypes] | uri | uri | uri | ui | uri | uri | | Ɂui | kɨʔuri | Ɂuri | cucumber | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 542 | kiiui | melon | Uwano 2017a: 149 | ui | cucumber | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 82 | ʔui | melon | Nakasone 1983: 52 | NA | Ɂui | melon | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 547 | uːz | ul | uːru | uï | u:l | NR | uï | u:vul | *uri | u:rï | u:ru | NR | NR | ui | *uri | ui "cucumber" | *uri | *uri | uri |
180
⬢milk | *ti | tɕitɕi (also: uinotɕitɕi 'cow's milk', jaʔnotɕitɕi 'goat's milk') | tɕitɕiː | | | | tɕitɕi (also: uɕinotɕitɕi 'cow's milk') | tɕiː | tɕitɕi (only about human mother's milk) | tɕitɕi (also: jaginotɕitɕi 'goat's milk') | tɕittɕiː (only about human mother's milk) | tɕitɕi (also: uintɕitɕi 'cow's milk', jagintɕitɕi 'goat's milk') | tɕitɕi (also: uɕinotɕitɕi 'cow's milk') | | tʃi: | tsˀɨ (mother's milk) | ci(i) | milk | Osada & Suyama 1977: 341 | cɨɨ | milk | Uwano 2018a: 150 | cii | milk | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 299 | cii | milk | Nakasone 1983: 245 | tɕiː | cii | milk | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 147 | tsɨː ~ tsɨsɨ (also: usɨnu tsɨsɨ 'cow's milk', pindzanu tsɨsɨ 'goat's milk') | tsɨː (also: pindanu tsɨsɨ 'goat's milk') | ɕiː | tsï: | tsï: | tsï: | kï: | tsï: | *ti: | tzï: | ʃi: | tzï: | tzï: | ʃi: | *ti: | c'i: | *ti: | *ti: | ti |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | oppai (mother's milk) | oppai (mother's milk) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
181
⬢millet | *apa | awa | aː | | | | awa | awa | awa | awa | awa | awa | awa | | Ɂawa | awa | Ɂoo | millet | Osada & Suyama 1977: 794 | Ɂoo | millet | Uwano 2018b: 147 | oo | millet | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 130 | ʔawaa | millet | Nakasone 1983: 25 | awaː | Ɂawa | millet | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 128 | aː (plant); juni (grain) | aː (plant); juni (grain) | aː | a: | a: | a: | a: | a: | *a: | a: | a: | a: | a: | a: | *a: | a: | *a: | *awa | apa |
182
⬢miso | *miso | miso | miso | | | | miso | miso | miso | miso | miso | miso | miso | | Nsu | miɕu | misu | miso | Osada & Suyama 1977: 333 | misjuu | miso | Uwano 2017a: 150 | misju | miso | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 557 | misuu | miso | Nakasone 1983: 538 | misuː | Nsu / misu | miso | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 438 | msu ~ mtsu | mɕu | miːsu | msu | msu | ŋsu | NR | mʃu | *mVsu | miʃu | misu | miʃu | miʃu | NR | *misu | nsuo | *miso | *miso | NR | miso is first attested Nara-era documents
183
⬢mold | NA | kaʔ | | | | | kabi | | kabe | kabi | kabi | kabi | kabi | | ko:zi | | khoozi | mold, yeast | Osada & Suyama 1977: 332 | koozɨ | mold, yeast | pc | hoozi | mold, yeast | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 519 | hoozi | mold, yeast | Nakasone 1983: 507 | | koozi | mold, yeast | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 323 | | | | ko:dzï | ko:dzï | NR | kaukï | ko:dzï | *kauzi | ko:dzï / pana | NR | NR | ko:ntsï | NR | *ko:zi | kuN | *kauzi | *kauzi | NR | kaudi is first attested around 1350
次行 | | | kaːbu | kabu | | | | kabu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kav | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | koːdzɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | hoːdʑi | | | | | koːdzɨ | koːdʑi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
184
⬢moldboard | *pera | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hwi:ra | | hwera | large spatula, moldboard | Osada & Suyama 1977: 470 | hwɨɨra | large spatula | Uwano 2018: 144, 156 | pira | moldboard | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 478 | piraa | moldboard | Nakasone 1983: 450 | | hwiira | moldboard | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 234 | | | | pira | pira | hira | pira | pira | *pera | pira | pira | pira | pira | pira | *pera | hira | *pera | *pera | pyera "plow" |
185
⬢monkey | *saru | sai | saːru | | | | saru | saru | saru | saru | saː | saru | saru | | sa:ru | saru | saru | monkey | Osada & Suyama 1977: 843 | sjaaru | year of the monkey | Uwano 2017a: 151 | saru | (year of the) monkey | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 223 | saru | (year of the) monkey | Nakasone 1983: 168 | saːruː | saaru | monkey | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 452 | saz (cyclic sign) [Sarahama] | ɕaːru | saru | saru | saru / sal | NR | saru | ʃa:ru | *saru | sarï | saru | saru | NR | saru | *saru | saru | *saru | *saru | saru |
次行 | | jomo ~ jomodzai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jumu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | monkiː ~ monkiːɕan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
186
⬢moon | *tukoi | otsussaa | tsuki ~ tsukinodon (rare) | | | | | tsuki ~ otsukisan | otukisan | tsuki ~ otsukisan | tsuki ~ otsukisan | tsuʔ ~ otsukisan | tsuki | | ɕici / tʃitʃu: | tsɨki | cïki | moon | Osada & Suyama 1977: 885 | cɨkɨɨ | moon | Uwano 2018b: 145 | cikkjuu | moon | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 312 | sicuu / hicuu | moon | Nakasone 1983: 184 | | cici | moon | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 144 | tsɨksɨ | tsɨksɨ | ɕiki | tsïttʃu / tʃukusu | tsïttʃu | tsïttʃu | kkkï | tsïkï | *tïku- | tsukui | NR | suke:ŋ | tsukui | NR | *tukoi | kku / t'i | *tukoi | *tukoi | tuki2 / tuku- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tittɕoː | | | | tsɨkiɕuː ~ tsɨkɕɕuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | gwattensama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
187
⬢mop, vt | ? | fuʔ | fuku (new) | | | | | | fuku | fuku | fuku | fuʔ | fuku | | susuyuN | fukjun | nogauri | wipe (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 349 | nogojuN | wipe (vt) | pc | niguujuN / nuguujuN / pukjuN | wipe (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 392, 401, 493 | suuruN | wipe (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 203 | fukun | susujuN | wipe (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 498 | | | fukun | susuï | susul | NR | NR | ʃuri | *susur- | suruŋ / sïsuruŋ | NR | sïsïruŋ | sïsïruŋ | hisuruŋ | *sïsur- | NR | *sïsur- | *sïsur- | NR | nuguː in Ikema (Miyako)
次行 | | | nuguː | | | | nuguː | nuguː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | susuin | | | | ssuriz | ɕuɕuːl | ssurun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
188
⬢mortar | *usu | us | uːsu | | | | usu | usu | usu | usu | usu | usu | usu | | uʃi / u:ʃi | ʔusu | Ɂusï | mortar | Osada & Suyama 1977: 456 | Ɂuusɨ | mortar | Uwano 2017a: 150 | usi | mortar | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 94 | ʔusi | mortar | Nakasone 1983: 62 | | Ɂuuʃi | mortar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 572 | | | | usï | usï | usï | usï | usï | *usi | usï | uʃi | usï | usï | usu | *usi | uci | *usi | *usi | usu |
189
⬢mosquito | *ka | ka | ka | | | | ka | ka | ka | ka | ka | ka | ka | | gazaN | gadʑan | gazjaN | mosquito | Osada & Suyama 1977: 876 | gazjaN | mosquito | Uwano 2017b: 213 | gaazjaN | mosquito | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 137 | gazaami | mosquito | Nakasone 1983: 101 | gadʑan | gazjaN | mosquito | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 190 | gadzam | gadʑam | gadzan | gazam | gazam | NR | katam | gadʒam | *gazamV | gadzaŋ | gazyaŋ | gandzaŋ | gandzaŋ | gazyaŋ | *gazaŋ | kadaŋ | *gazamV | *gazamV | ka | Ryukyu has ka+no+sami/u
次行 | | | | gadʑabu 'gnat' | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
190
⬢mountain | *yama | jama | jama | | | | jama | jama | jama | jama | jama | jama | jama | | yama | jama | thehe | mountain | Osada & Suyama 1977: 899 | jamaa | mountain | Uwano 2017a: 149 | jama | mountain | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 601 | jamaa | mountain | Nakasone 1983: 580 | jamaː | saN | mountain | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 457 | jama | jama | jama | yama | yama | yama | yama | yama | *yama | yama | yama | yama | yama | yama | *yama | dama | *yama | *yama | yama |
191
⬢mushroom | *naba | naba (raw mushroom) | | | | | naba | naba | naba | naba | naba | | | | na:ba | naba | (i) kinoko (ii) naba | (i) mushroom (ii) mushroom (only in compounds | Osada & Suyama 1977: 806 | naaba | mushroom | Uwano 2018b: 157 | naba | mushroom | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 383 | nabaa | mushroom | Nakasone 1983: 337 | naba (growing on the compost) | naaba | mushroom | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 400 | | | | akanaba | naba | NR | NR | naba "dirt" | *naba | naba | NR | NR | NR | NR | *naba | naba | *naba | *naba | NR | naba "mushroom" is found throughout Kyushu
次行 | | kinoko | kinoko | | | | | | | | | kinoko | kinoko | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mimigui (growing on trees) | | | | kiːnu mim | mimdʑuː | mimguru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
192
⬢nail, peg | *kugi | kuʔ | kugi | | | | kugi | kugi | kugi | kugi | kui | kugi | kugi | | kuzi | kˀugi | kugi | nail | Osada & Suyama 1977: 426 | kɁugii | nail | Uwano 2017a: 143 | kugi | nail | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 177 | kʔuzii | nail | Nakasone 1983: 129 | kugi | kuzi | nail | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 347 | fugzɨ | fugzɨ | fun | fugï | fudzï | NR | fukï | fugï | *kugi | fuŋ | fuŋ | fuŋ | fun / kuʒi | ɸuŋ | *kugi | kudi | *kugi | *kugi | kugi | vowel is unclear
193
⬢needle | *pari | hai | hai | | | | hari | hari | hari | hari ~ haʔ [Chikugo] | hai | haʔ | hari | | pai | hari | hari | needle | Osada & Suyama 1977: 241 | hai | needle | Uwano 2017a: 150 | pai | needle | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 413 | pai | needle | Nakasone 1983: 376 | fai | haai | needle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 197 | | pal | paru | paï | pal | hai | pɛï | pal | *pari | parï / paru | paru | parï | parï / paru | pai | *pari | hai | *pari | *pari | pari |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | piz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
194
⬢nest | *su | su | su | | | | su | su | su | su | su | su | su | | ʃi: /si: | sɨ | sïï | nest | Osada & Suyama 1977: 837 | sɨɨ | nest | Uwano 2017b: 214 | sii | nest | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 226 | sii | nest | Nakasone 1983: 171 | ɕiː | sii | nest | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 468 | sɨː ~ sɨsɨ | sɨː | ɕiː | sïsï | sï: | sï: | ssï | sï: | *si: | sï: | ʃi: | sï: | sï: | su: | *su: | ci: | *su: | *su: | su |
次行 | | | kobunoje (spider web) | | | | e (spider web) | | jebari (spider web) | jembari (spider web) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | cognates of e ~ ebari also in Western Mainland (Izumo, Ozu in Shikoku) and in Tohoku (Ashiro in Iwate)
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kaɕi (spider web) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
195
⬢net | *ami | an | aːmi | | | | ami | ami | ami | ami | ami | an | ami | | ami: / Ɂami | ami | Ɂami | net | Osada & Suyama 1977: 140 | Ɂamii | net | Uwano 2017a: 147 | aN | net | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 45 | ʔamii | net | Nakasone 1983: 203 | amiː | Ɂami | net | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 113 | am | am | an | am | am | am | am | am | *amV | aŋ | aŋ | aŋ | aŋ | aŋ | *amV | aŋ | *amV | *ami | ami1 |
196
⬢new | *nepi- | nike | niːka | | | | nintona | | | | | | | | mi:saN | miːɕan | miisari | new | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 155 | miihai | new | Uwano 2018b: 171 | miisaN | new | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 546 | miiseN | new | Nakasone 1983: 532 | miːɕen | miisaN | new | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 376 | mizkaz | mɨːɕaːl | miːsan | mï:kaï | mï:kal | mi:kal | mï: | mï:ʃa:l | *mi:kar- | mï:saŋ | mi:saŋ | me:sahaŋ | mi"haŋ | NR | *mea- | mi: | *meWa- | *meWa- | nipi1- | Not sure if *nepi is older than *me-
次行 | | | | | | | | ataraɕika | ataraɕiː | ataraɕika | ataraɕika | atarakka | ataraɕika | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
197
⬢north | *nesi | kita | kita | | | | kita | kita | kita | kita | kita | kita | kita | | niʃi / nii- | | kita | north | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 155 | nɨsɨɨ | north | Uwano 2018b: 151 | misi | north | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 553 | nisii | north | Nakasone 1983: 349 | | nisi | north | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 420 | | | | nisï | ŋsï | nsï | nisï | nisï | *nesi | nisï | niʃi | nisï | nisï | niʃi | *nesi | nici | *nesi | *nesi | nisi |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | niɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | niɕi | | | | nisɨ | nisɨ | niɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
198
⬢oar, paddle | ? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔwe:ku | | joho | oar | Osada & Suyama 1977: 734 | kai | oar | Uwano 2018b: 141 | jahu | oar | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 600 | ʔeekʔuu / jahuu | oar | Nakasone 1983: 199, 580 | | ʔ(w)eeku | oar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 138 | | | | zzaku | ïzaku | NR | ïaku | ïzaku | *iako < *yako | yaku | yaku | yaku | yako: | yo: | *yako | da:ŋu | *yako | *yako | kai |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | zzaku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
199
⬢octopus | *tako | tako | tako | | | | tako | tako | tako | tako | tako | tako | tako | | taku | toː | toho | octopus | Osada & Suyama 1977: 866 | too | octopus | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 176 | tahu | octopus | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 292 | tahuu | octopus | Nakasone 1983: 236 | tafuː | taku | octopus | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 508 | taku | taku | taku | taku | taku | NR | NR | taku | *tako | taku | taku | NR | taku | taku | *tako | tagu | *tako | *tako | tako1 | Attested in Shinsen jikyo
200
⬢onion | *mpira | tamaneʔ | tamanegi | | | | tamanegi | tamanegi | tamanegi | tamanegi | tamanegi | tamanen | tamanegi | | zi:bira | NA | kibira | scallion | Osada & Suyama 1977: 804 | (i) nɨɨgi (ii) biraa | (i) spring onion (new word?) (ii) chives | pc | kibjaa | spring onion | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 165 | (i) ziibiraa (ii) biraa | (i) scallion (ii) long green onion | Nakasone 1983; 249, 450 | tamanegi | zi:bira | spring onion | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 599 | tamanegi | tamanegi | tamanaː | zïbïra | NR | NR | NR | sïmna | *sibira | sïbïra | ʃibira | sïbiru | sïpïsa | ʃibira | *sibira | c'iNda: | *sibira | *sibira | mi1ra "leek" | in all Ryukyuan, onion is a recently introduced plant and the words are new SJ loanwords [AJ]
201
⬢outside | *poka | soto | soto | | | | soto ~ sotogawa | soto | soto | soto | soto | soto | soto | | huka | sutu ~ ɕutu | suthu | outside, elsewhere | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 136 | sjutuu | outside | Uwano 2018b: 143 | paa | outside; elsewhere | Ki+K202:M218ku & Takahashi 2005: 410 | hukʔaa | outside; other | Nakasone 1983: 460 | | huka | outside; other | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 217 | | | | puka | puka | huka | puka | puka | *poka | fuka | fuka | fuka | puka | NR | *poka | huga | *poka | *poka | poka | vowel unclear
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | faː | | | | puka | puka | fuka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
202
⬢owl | ? | tokko | | | | | korokkokoːzu ~ korottokoːzu | kozoːdori | | koːdzo ~ koːdzoː ~ koːdzuː [Yame district] | | | | | tʃikuku | | kuhu | owl | Osada & Suyama 1977: 848 | cɨkuuhu | owl | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 176 | mjaNcikkuu | owl | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 561 | kʔoohoi / sikʔoohu | owl | Nakasone 1983: 155, 180 | | cikuku | owl | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 152 | | | | taka-tsïkufu | yu:garagazza | NR | kugu:ku:ku: | | *koku | tsukuguru | fufa:duri | sukuku | tsukuguru | NR | *koko | miNkuku | *koko | *koko | pukuropu | RK forms are onomatpoetic, related to kukupi?
次行 | | | | | | | | | | goːgoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | fukuruː | | fukuroː | fukuro | fukuroː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fukuroː (non-native) | fukuroː (non-native) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | moma [in Munakata and Kasuya districts] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | jotaka ~ joːrujotaka (rare) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | sokkoːdoi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kˀufu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | taka-tsɨkufu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mimidʑiku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ffadureː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sukuguru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
203
⬢ox | *usi | kotte | kotteːuɕi | kotteːuɕi | | | kotiuɕi | kotteuɕi | kottiː ~ kottuː | kotte ~ kotteuɕi (a strong bull) | kotteː | kotteuɕi | kotteuɕi | | uʃi | kutɨʔusɨ | Ɂusi | ox | Osada & Suyama 1977: 840 | Ɂusɨɨ | ox | Uwano 2017a: 143 | usi | ox, cow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 94 | husii | ox, cow | Nakasone 1983: 467 | | Ɂusi | ox, cow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 564 | | | | usï | usï | usï | usï | usï | *usi | usï | uʃi | usï | usï | uʃi | *usi | uci | *usi | *usi | usi | giving words for 'bull' [AJ]; cognates of kutui attested easternmost in Mie
次行 | | bebu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | otokouɕi | | | | | | | ouɕi | ontɕoːuɕi | ouɕi | uɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wuːʔuɕi | | | | bikiusɨ | bikiusɨ | bikiuɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
204
⬢pan | *nampai | nabe | nabe | | | | nabe | nabe | nabe | nabe | nabe | nabe | nabe | | na:bi | nabɨ | nabï- / -nabï | pan (in compounds) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 452 | naabɨ | pan | Uwano 2017a: 151 | nabi | pan | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 383 | nabi | pan | Nakasone 1983: 338 | nabi | naabi | pan | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 400 | nabi | nabi | nabi | nabi | nabi | nabi | nabi | nabi | *nabe | nabi | nabi | nabi | nabi | nabi | *nabe | nabi | *nabe | *nabe | nabe2 |
205
⬢pasture | *maki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | makï | makï | NR | NR | makï | *maki | makï | maki | NR | NR | makiba / maʃi | *maki | mati | *maki | *maki | maki | Final vowel unclear
206
⬢peak | *takai | jaman tɕoppen | tɕoppen | | | | tɕoppen | toppen | | | toppen | | totpen | | taki "hill" | | cizi | peak | Osada & Suyama 1977: 900 | cɨzɨɨ | pc+K202:M218 | Uwano 2018c: 136 | cizi | peak | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 309 | cizii | peak (mountain, head) | Nakasone 1983: 252 | | cizi | peak (mountain, head) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 165 | | | | taki | taki | NR | NR | taki | *take | taki | taki | NR | taki | taki | *take | tagi | *take | *take | take2 |
次行 | | | teppen | | | | | | jamantɕeppen | teppen | teppen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | jamanue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jamanʔui | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tsɨdzɨ ~ matsɨdzɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | tɕidʑi | | | | jama-nu tsɨdzɨ | | jama-nu tidʑi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jama-nu panta | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
207
⬢peanut | *zi:mame | | ʑimame | | | | | | | | | | | | zi:ma:mi | dzɨmami | zimamï | peanut | Osada & Suyama 1977: 800 | zɨ(ɨ)mamɨɨ | peanut | Uwano 2018b: 143; 2018c: 145 | ziNmami | peanut | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 271 | ziimamii | peanut | Nakasone 1983: 249 | dʑiːmami | ziimaami | peanut | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 599 | dzɨmami | dzɨmami | dʑiːmami | dzïmami | dzïmami | NR | kïmami | dzïmami | *zimame | dzï:mami | zi:mami | zumami | dzï:mami | zi:mami | *zi:mame | di:mami | *zi:mame | *zi:mame | NR | *dʑimami reflexes also locally in eastern Honshu (Akiyama, Gokayama, Yamanashi)
次行 | | dakkiɕo ~ dakkaɕi | | | | | dakkaɕo | rakkwaɕei | rakkwaɕei | rakkaɕeː ~ rakkwaɕei (Chikugo) | | rakkaɕeː | rakkaɕei | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | doːhassen | doːhaɕɕen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
208
⬢peel off, vt. | *pag- / *peg- | | | | | | muku | muku | muku | muku | | muʔ | muku | | hagiyuN | | (i)haguri (ii) hagïruri | (i) peel off (vt) (ii)peel off (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 258, 347 | (i) hagjuN (ii) hagarɨjuN | (i) peel off (vt) (ii) peel off (vi) | pc | (i) pagjuN /pag-/ (ii) pagjuN /pag-er-/ | (i) peel off (vt) (ii) peel off (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 419 | (i) pazuN /pag-/ (ii) pagiruN /pag-er-/ | (i) peel off (vt) (ii) peel off (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 403 | mukun | (i) hazuN /hag-/ (ii) hagijuN | (i) peel off (vt) (ii) peel off (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 200, 210 | muksɨ | muksɨ | nkun | pigï | piv / pagil | NR | NR | pigï / pagasï | *peg- / *pag- | piguŋ / paguŋ | NR | pagiŋ | NR | NR | *peg- / *pag- | haNguŋ | *peg- / *pag- | *peg- / *pag- | pag- / peg- |
次行 | | miʔ | miku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | hagu | | | | | hagjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
209
⬢pestle | ? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aȝimu / kakizici | | ɁazïN / cici | pestle | Osada & Suyama 1977: 456 | ɁazɨN / cɨɨcɨ | pestle | Uwano 2017a: 160; 2018b: 143 | aaziN / jaNgui | pestle | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 13, 606 | ʔazimuu | pestle | Nakasone 1983: 11 | | ɁaziN / kakizici | pestle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 129, 303 | | | | mnatsïkï | nnadzïtsï | nnadzïtsï | nakïkï | nnatsïkï | *Vnatiki | inatisïkï | inaʃiki | inasuki / inasïkï | inankïsï | inahiki | *inatuki | Nnikikatikaba | *inatuki | *inatuki | ki1ne | The Sakishima form is "rice-grind""
次行 | | | | | | | | | | sokomame | dʑi-no sokomame | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | kine | kine | | | | kine | kine | kine | kine | kine | kine | kine | | | adzɨn | | | | | | | | | | | | | adʑiːmu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nnatsɨksɨ | nnatsɨksɨ | inatɕiki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aidatɕi (a horizontal pestle) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
210
⬢pig | *uwa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ɂwa: | ʔwaː | Ɂwaa | pig | Osada & Suyama 1977: 841 | Ɂwaa | pig | Uwano 2017b: 218 | ʔwaa | pig | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 123 | ʔwaa | pig | Nakasone 1983: 609 | ʔwaː | Ɂwaa | pig | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 581 | waː | waː | oː | wa: | wa: | wa: | wa: | wa: | *wa: | o: | o: | uwa | wanta | o: | *uwa | wa: | *uwa | *uwa | NR | buta is not attested until 1485
次行 | | buta | buta | | | | buta | buta | buta | buta | buta | buta | buta | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
211
⬢pigeon | *pato | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ho:tu | | hatho | finger-whistle (n) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 771 | hatuu | pigeon | Uwano 2018b: 142 | patu | pigeon | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 435 | pootʔuu | pigeon | Nakasone 1983: 507 | | hootu | pigeon | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 213 | | | | patu | patu | NR | m:patu | patugami | *pato | patu | patu | patoŋ | hatu | patu | *pato | hatu | *pato | *pato | pato1 |
212
⬢pine, evergreen | *matu | maʔ | matsu | | | | matsu | matsu | matu | matsu | matsu | matsu | matsu | | ma:tʃi | matsɨgi | macïgï | pine | Osada & Suyama 1977: 817 | maacɨ | pine | Uwano 2017a: 150 | macigi | pine | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 532 | maci / macigii | pine | Nakasone 1983: 517 | matɕi | maaci | pine | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 353 | matsɨgiː | matsɨgiː | matɕi | matsï | matsï | matsï | matsï | matsï | *mati | matsï | matsi | NR | matsï | matsï | *mati | maci | *mati | *mati | matu |
213
⬢plant, vt. | *Vwe- | ujuʔ | ujuru | | | | ujuru | ujuru | ujuru | ujuru | ujuʔ | ujuʔ | ujuʔ | | ɁwiiyuN | wɨrjun | Ɂwïïruri | plant (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 353 | ɁwɨɨjuN | plant (vt) | Uwano 1977: 20 | uijuN | plant (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 87 | ʔuiruN | plant (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 55 | uijun | ɁwiijuN | plant (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 585 | | uil | | ibiï | ibil | ibi: | NR | ibil | *eber- | ibiruŋ | ibiruŋ | ibiru | ibiruŋ | mbiruŋ | *eber- | biruŋ | *eber- | *ewer- | uwe- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ibiz | | ibirun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
214
⬢plow, n | ? | | suki | | | | suki | suki | suki | suki | suki | suʔ | suki | | yuȝai / ɁuȝuNbi:ra | | sïki | plough (n) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 470 | izjai | plough (n) | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 175 | huudai | plough (n) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 487 | juzai / juzei | plough (n) | Nakasone 1983: 590 | | ɁuzuNbiira | wooden plough (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 575 | sɨksɨ | | | bafu | bafu | NR | NR | bafu 'roller' | *bafu | usïnu-yama | uʃinu-yama | sïmayama | yama:ma | uʃinu-yama | *-yama | dama | *-yama | *waku / *yama | suki1 | okoɕi widespread in Mainland; suki attested locally eg. in Mie, Kobe, Wakayama or Totsukawa; kaeɕi locally in Shikoku, Hiroshima; utɕi locally in all Mainland (also in Aomori and other Tōhoku) [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maːjama (pulled by a horse), mjaːkujama | usɨjama (pulled by a cow) | jama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | okoɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tsɨrubaɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | judʑeː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
215
⬢poison | NA | doʔ | doːku | | | | doku | doku | doku | doku | doku | doʔ | doku | | duku | duku | duku | poison | Osada & Suyama 1977: 218 | dukuu | poison | Uwano 2017a: 148 | duku | poison | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 353 | dukʔuu | poison | Nakasone 1983: 312 | rukuː | duku | poison | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 178 | duku | duku | duku | duku | duku | duku | NR | duku / bi: | *doku-loan | duku | duku | duku | duku | duku | *doku | duku | *doku-loan | *doku | NR | doku not attested until early 13th century
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | juga | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
216
⬢pot | *kame | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ka:mi | | nabï- / -nabï | pan (in compounds) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 452 | naabɨ | pan | Uwano 2017a: 151 | nabi | pot | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 383 | nabi | pot | Nakasone 1983: 338 | | naabi | pot | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 400 | | | | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | *kame | kami | NR | kami | kami | NR | *kame | kami | *kame | *kame | kame | Final vowel unclear. Martin (1987:435) has *ka-n-pai
217
⬢potato | *umo | imo | imo | | | | imo | imo | imo | imo | imo | imo | imo | | umu | | (i) Ɂumu (ii) haNsï | (i) taro (ii) sweet potato | Osada & Suyama 1977: 794, 796 | haNzɨN | sweet potato | Uwano 2018b: 159 | uN | sweet potato | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 125 | ʔumuu | sweet potato | Nakasone 1983: 72 | umuː | ɁNmu | sweet potato | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 431 | mː | mː | un | m: | m: | m: | m: | m: | *Vm | uŋ | uŋ | agaŋ | o:n | ŋ: | *umV | unti | *umV | *umu | umo | Final vowel unclear
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ton | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
218
⬢pound, vt | *tuk- | tsuʔ | tsuku | | | | tsuku | tsuku | tuku | tsuku | tsuku (eg. rice cakes) | tsuʔ | tsuku | | ɕicuN | tsɨkjun | cïkuri | pound (vt) | "Osada Suma no Amami ni Minwa to Mukashigatari" 1990: 112, 117 | cɨkjuN | pound (vt) | Uwano 1977: 19 | cikjuN | pound (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 306 | sicuN / hicuN | pound (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 185, 442 | ɕikun | cicjuN | pound (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 146 | tsɨksɨ | tsɨksɨ | sukun | tsïku | tsïkï | NR | kïkïm | tsïkï / parasï | *tuk- / *parasa- | tsïku | NR | sïkuŋ | sïsai | ɕiʃairuŋ | *tuk- | k'uŋ | *tuk- | *tuk- | tuk- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | nadzuʔ (grains, eg. rice, barley) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | fumu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
219
⬢pour, vt | *tuk- | tsuʔ | tsugu | | | | tsugu | tsugu | tugu | tsugu | tsugu | tsugu | tsugu | | tʃizuN / sasyuN | | harasuri | pour (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 365 | harasjuN | pour | Uwano 1977: 22 | cigjuN | pour (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 306 | cizuN / sasuN | pour (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 163, 253 | tɕigun | cizjuN / sasuN | pour (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 166, 401 | tsɨgzɨ | tsɨgɨ | | tsïgï | tsïvu | NR | ïrim | tsïgï | *tug- | tsïnuŋ | NR | sassunuŋ | tʃi: | harasuŋ | *tug- / *paras- | c'iŋuŋ | *tug- / *paras- | *tug- / *paras- | tuk- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | saɕun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | saun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
220
⬢rain | *amai | ame | ame | | | | ame | ame | ame | ame | ame | ame | ame | | Ɂami | ʔamɨ | Ɂamï | rain (n) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 889 | Ɂamɨɨ | rain | Uwano 2018b: 153 | ami | rain (n) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 40 | Ɂamii | rain (n) | Nakasone 1983: 20 | ʔamiː | Ɂami | rain (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 113 | ami | ami | ami | ami | ami | ami | ami | ami | *ame | ami | ami | ami | ami | ami | *ame | ami | *ame | *ame | ame2 |
221
⬢raise, grow, vt | *sodatur- | ko | kau | | | | kau | kau | kau | kau | kau | kau | kau | | sudatiyuN | | sodathïruri | raise (children, crops) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 195, 784 | (i) sjudatɨjuN (ii) hudësjuN | (i) raise (crops) (ii) raise (children, animals) | pc | pudaasjuN | raise (children, crops) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 497 | sudaatɁiN | raise (children, crops) | Nakasone 1983: 204 | | sudatijuN | raise (children, crops) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 495 | | | | sudafu | sodatsï | sïdatsï | sudatsï | ʃudati: | *sudak- | sudatsuŋ | NR | sunatʃiruŋ | sïkanai | hikano:suŋ | *sudat- | sudatyaŋ | *sodak/t- | *sodak/t- | sodatur- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wadzɨnajun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕikanain | | | | tsɨkanoː | tsɨkanuː | ɕikanaun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
222
⬢rat | *nezumi | nedzun | nezumi | | | | njezumi | nezumi | nezumi | nedzumi | nedzumi | nedzun | nedzumi | | Ɂyentʃu / Ɂwencu | nɨːdzɨn | nïzïN | rat, mouse | Osada & Suyama 1977: 842 | nɨzɨɨmi | rat, mouse | Uwano 2017b: 227 | jumunu / ɁjeekiNcju | rat, mouse | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 52, 620 | Ɂencuu | rat, mouse | Nakasone 1983: 87 | | ɁweNcju | rat, mouse | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 584 | | | | yumunu | yumunu | yumunu | yamunu | we:da | *yumono | uyantʃu | uyadza | uyantʃu | uyantʃu | uyantʃu | *uyanVtu | uyaNtu | *uyanoto | *uyanoto | nezumi1 |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔentɕu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jumunu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | weːda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ujadza | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
223
⬢raw | *nama | nama | nama | | | | nama | nama | nama | nama | nama | nama | nama | | nama | nama | nama | raw | Osada & Suyama 1977: 369 | namaa | raw | Uwano 2017a: 158 | nama- | raw (prefix) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 384-6 | namaa | raw (n) | Nakasone 1983: 340 | nama | nama | raw (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 407 | nama | nama | nama | nama | nama | NR | nama | nama | *nama | nama | NR | NR | NR | NR | *nama | nama | *nama | *nama | nama |
224
⬢receive, obtain | *uk- | moro | morau | | | | morau | morau | morau | morau | morau | morau | morau | | ɁukiyuN | | morauri | receive | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 431 | jujuN / morojuN | receive | Uwano 2018b: 154 | gijuN / mureN | receive | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 171, 582 | juN | receive | Nakasone 1983: 598 | | iijuN | receive | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 265 | | | | ukaï | ukal | ukai | ukiru | ukil | *uk- | ukiruŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *uk- | ugiruŋ | *uk- | *uk- | uk- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jirjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | jiːn | | | | ʑʑiz | | iːrun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | juil | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
225
⬢reed (for a loom) | *podoki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hudutʃi | | huduki | | Osada & Suyama 1977: 295 | sɨzɨkii | | pc | puduki | | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 501 | puducii | | Nakasone 1983: 489 | | huduci | | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 215 | | | | pudukï | puducï | NR | NR | pudukï | *podoki | pudugï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *podoki | hutuNti | *podoki | *podoki | NR |
226
⬢rest, v | NA | joku | jokuː | | | | jokuː | jokou | jokou | jokou | nakajoke 'break' (noun) | | | | yukuyuN | | juhumuri | rest (v) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 664 | jukujuN | rest (v) | Uwano 2017b: 235 | juhuujuN | rest (v) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 619 | juhumiN | rest (v) | Nakasone 1983: 593 | | jukujuN | rest (v) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 288 | jukuː | jukuː | juːkuːn | yukï | yukï: | NR | yukum | yuke: | *yuk- | yuko:ŋ | yu:kuŋ | yuko:sïŋ | yuko:ŋ | yo:ŋ | *yuk- | duguŋ | *yuk- | *yuk- | NR | related to MJ yukkuri?
次行 | | jasun | | | | | | | | | jasumu | jasun | jasumu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jufumun | | | | | jasɨm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the Sesoko form looks like a contamination of *jasumu and *jokopu
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | judumjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
227
⬢rice (older word) | *kəm | kome | kome | | | | kome | kome | kome | kome | kome | kome | kome | | kumi | kumɨː | khumï | rice | Osada & Suyama 1977: 794 | kumɨɨ | rice | Uwano 2017b: 218 | humi / mai | rice | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 507, 524 | humii | rice | Nakasone 1983: 494 | kumiː | kumi | rice | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 331 | | | | kumi | kumi | NR | NR | kumi | *kome | kumi | NR | kumi | NR | NR | *kome | kumi | *kome | *kome | ko2me2 | giving words for 'rice grain'
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maz | maz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ini | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
228
⬢rice | NA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | yuni | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | juni | rice | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 290 | | | | maï | maï | mai | maï | maï | *mai | mai | mai | më: < mayï | mai | mai | *maï | mai | *maï | *maï | NR | Sino-Japanese mai
229
⬢rice cake | *moti | moʔ | moːtɕi | | | | motɕi | motɕi | motɕi | motɕi | motɕi | moʔ | motɕi | | muci | mutɕi | muci | rice cake | Osada & Suyama 1977: 695 | muccɨɨ | rice cake | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 178 | muci | rice cake | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 571 | muucii | rice cake | Nakasone 1983: 549 | muttɕiː | muci | rice cake | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 385 | mutsɨ | mutsɨ | mutɕi | mutsï | mutsï | NR | mukï | mutʃï | *moti | muttsï | mutʃi | NR | NR | mutʃi | *moti | muti | *moti | *moti | moti | First vowel unclear
230
⬢rice, cooked | *ipi | meɕ | meːɕi | | | | meɕi | meɕi | meɕi | meɕi | meɕi | mei | meɕi | | me: | | misi | rice, cooked | Osada & Suyama 1977: 344 | miisɨ | rice, cooked | pc | mai | rice plant, rice, cooked rice | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 524 | mee | rice plant; cooked rice | Nakasone 1983: 563 | | mee | rice plant; cooked rice | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 366 | | | | ï: | ï: | NR | NR | ï: | *i: | Nboŋ | i: | ï: | i: | i: | *i: | i: | *i: | *i: | ipi1 |
次行 | | | | | | | | mama | mama | mama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | meː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | zː | zː | iː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
231
⬢rice plant | *yəne / *zine | ine | ine | | | | inje | ine | ine | ine | ine | ine | ine | | ɁNni | ʔni | Ɂnii | rice plant | Osada & Suyama 1977: 695 | Ɂinɨɨ | rice plant | Uwano 2017a: 149 | nee | rice seedling | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 407 | mee | rice plant; cooked rice | Nakasone 1983: 563 | | ɁNni | rice plant | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 432 | | | | maï / yuni | maï yuni | mai | maï | yuni "millet" | *yune | yuni | mai | më: < mayï | mai / ini | mai | *yune | Nni | *yune / *ine | *yune / *ine | yo2ne / ine | Martin (1987:424) proposes *zina-Ci
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | meː | | | | maz | maz | mai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
232
⬢rice steamer | *kasiki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kusitʃi: | | sjeero | steamer | Osada & Suyama 1977: 453 | hazɨɨ | steamer | Uwano 2017b: 219 | husiki | steamer | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 495 | kusicii | rice steamer | Nakasone 1983: 125 | | kusicii | rice steamer | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 341 | | | | kusïkï | gusïtʃï | NR | NR | NR | *kosiki | kusïkï | kuʃiki | kusïkï | usïkï | kuhiki | *kosiki | kusiNki | *kosiki | *kosiki | ko2siki | The verb kasik- "steam rice" is too similar to ignore
233
⬢rice wine | *sakai | sake | sake | | | | sake | sake | sake | sake | sake | sake | sake | | saki | ɕəː | sehe | rice vodka | Osada & Suyama 1977: 338 | sjakɨɨ | rice vodka | Uwano 2017a: 143 | sai | rice vodka | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 212 | sakii | rice vodka | Nakasone 1983: 161 | saki | saki | rice vodka | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 455 | ɕaki | saki | saki | saki | saki | saki | saki | ʃaki | *sake | saki | saki | saki | saki | saki | *sake | sagi | *sake | *sake | sake2 |
234
⬢rice wine, ceremonial | *kusi / *miki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gusi | | miki | rice wine, ceremonial | Osada & Suyama 1977: 557-8 | | | | miki | rice wine, ceremonial | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 552-3 | micii | rice wine, ceremonial | Nakasone 1983: 539 | | gusi | | | | | | ŋkï | ŋtsï | NR | ŋkï | misï | *miki | guʃi | guʃi | gusiŋ | guʃi | guʃi / miʃi | *guse | gusiN / miti | *guse / *miki | *gusï / *miki | kusi / mi1ki1 |
235
⬢ride, vt | *nər- | noʔ | noru | | | | noru | noru | noru | noru | noː | noʔ ~ noː | | | nuyuN | noːrjun | nururi | ride | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 262 | nujuN | ride | Uwano 1977: 18 | nujuN | ride | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 406 | nuN | ride | Nakasone 1983: 363 | nuin | nujuN | ride | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 425 | nuːz | nuːl | nuːrun | nuï | nu:l | NR | no:ri | nu:ri: | *nor- | nuruŋ | nuruŋ | nuruŋ | no:ruŋ | nu:ruŋ | *nor- | nuruŋ | *nor- | *nor- | no2r- |
236
⬢rip, rend | *yar- | jabuʔ | jaburu | | | | hikkjaburu | jaburu | jaburu | jaburu ~ jaburakasu (deliberate action) | jabuː | jabuː ~ jabuʔ | jaburu | | yayuN | | jajuri | rip (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 357 | cɨNsjakjuN | rip (vt) | Uwano 1977: 25 | jajuN | rip (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 605 | jaN | rip (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 583 | | jajuN | rip (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 274 | jabuz (loan) ~ jav (inherited) | jabul (loan) | jaburun | yari | yari | yari | yari | yal | *yar- | yaruŋ | yariŋ | yariŋ | yariŋ | yariŋ | *yar- | daNdiŋ | *yar- | *yar- | yar- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jarjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | jain | | | | jaːz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
237
⬢ripen, vi | *om- | uruʔ | | | | | ururu | ururu | ururu | ururu (fruits) | uruʔ | | ururu | | ʔNnuN | | ʔumuri | ripen (vi) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 791 | ɁumjuN | ripen (vi) | pc | umjuN | ripen (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 118 | ʔumiN | ripen (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 71 | ʔurin | ʔNmuN | ripen (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 432 | | | | mmiï | mmil | NR | NR | sïdel | *umer- | umuŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *om- | umuŋ | *om- | *om- | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | minoru (crops) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | teru (melons) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | umu | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔumujun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mː | mː | uːmun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | umu also in Totsukawa, Nanao (Noto Peninsula), Kanazawa, Nagano, Akiyama, Sado, Gumma, Tohoku; teru (about fruits) in Nanao [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | naul | noːz (about grains) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kikai noːjuji
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kaːriːl (about grains) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | ottɕaeru (about millet) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
238
⬢river | *kapa | kaː | kaː (also 'well') | | | | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | kawa | | ha:ra / ka:ra | koː | karikho | river | Osada & Suyama 1977: 909 | NR | | Uwano 2017a: 146 | hoora | river | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 521 | haara | river | Nakasone 1983: 374 | | kaara | river | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 298 | nagarigaː | nagarigaː | | ka: | ka: | ka: | ka: | ka: | *ka: | ka:ra | ka: | ka:ra | ka:ra | ka: | *kaCara | kara | *kawa(ra) | *kawara | kapa | kapara in OJ meant "riverbed," but also a broad river
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | haːra | | | | | | kaːra | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
239
⬢road | *meti | miʔ | mitɕi | | | | mitɕi | mitɕi | mitɕi | mitɕi | mitɕi | miʔ | mitɕi | | mici | mitsɨ ~ mitɕi | mici | road | Osada & Suyama 1977: 727 | micɨɨ | road | Uwano 2017a: 145 | micinaa | road | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 558 | micii | road | Nakasone 1983: 538 | mitɕi | mici | road | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 368 | mtsɨ | mitsɨ | mitɕi | mtsï | mtsï | ntsï | mkï | mitï | *miti | mitsï | mitsi | mitsï | mitsï | mitʃi | meti | amiti | *meti | *meti | mi1ti |
240
⬢root | *ne | ne | | | | | nje | ne | ne | ne | ne | nekko | ne | | ni: | | nï / nïguri | root | Osada & Suyama 1977: 784 | nɨgui | root | Uwano 1977: 5 | nii / nigui | root | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 389, 392 | nii | root | Nakasone 1983: 346 | ni: | nii | root | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 415 | ni: | ni: | ni: | ni: | ni: | ni: | ni: | ni: | *ne: | ni: | ni: | niŋ | ni: | ni: | *ne: | ni: | *ne: | *ne: | ne |
次行 | | | nebai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nibaz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nɨguri | | | | | | | | | | | | | ni:gui | | | | | nivvul ~ nivval | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
241
⬢rope | *tuna | tsuna | tsuna | | | | tsuna | tsuna | tuna | tsuna | tsuna | tsuna | tsuna | | ɕina | tsˀɨna | cïna | rope | Osada & Suyama 1977: 458 | cɨnaa | rope | Uwano 2017a: 148 | cina | rope | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 314 | cinaa | rope | Nakasone 1983: 255 | tɕinaː | cina | rope | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 157 | tsɨna | nna | ɕina | tsïna | tsïna | nna | kïna | nna | *tina | tsïna | ʃïna | sïna: | tsïna | ʃïna | *tuna | Nna | *tuna | *tuna | tuna |
次行 | | nawa (straw rope) | | | | | | nawa (straw rope) | nawa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | joma (for wrapping/binding packages) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kamagi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
242
⬢rot, vi. | *kusar- | kessaruʔ | kusaruru | | | | kekusaruru | kusaruru | kusaruru (archaic) ~ kusaru | kusaru ~ kusareru | kusaː ~ kusaʔ | kusaru | kusaru | | kusariyuN | | kusareruri | rot (vi) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 327 | kusjarɨjuN | rot (vi) | Okamura et at誤? 2006:[1149] | kusarjuN | rot (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 180 | kusaariN | rot (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 124 | kusarin | kusarijuN | rot (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 340 | fusariz | fuɕal ~ fuɕariːl | ssarun | fusariï | fusaril | fusari: | ffari | fuʃal | *fusar- | fusariŋ | ssaruŋ | futsariŋ | fufari | ssaritta | *kusar- | ccari | *kusar- | *kusar- | kusar- |
次行 | | nemaʔ | nemaru (eg. rice, miso soup) | | | | | nemaru (eg. rice) | | nemaru (used about dishes, but not about raw foods or specific ingredients) | | | nemaru (especially rice) | | | kusarjun ~ kusarərjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nimaz [Kurima] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | futiz (eg. plants) | futiːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
243
⬢row, vt | *kənk- | koʔ | kogu | | | | kogu | kogu | kogu | kogu | kogu | kon | kogu | | ku:zuN | kugjun | khuguri | row | Osada & Suyama 1977: 735 | kugjuN | row | Uwano 1977: 19 | hugjuN | row | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 493 | huzuN | row | Nakasone 1983: 481 | fugun | kuuzjuN | row (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 346 | kugzɨ | kugzɨ | kuːn | kudzï | kuv | NR | kukïm | kugi: | *kog- | kuguŋ | NR | kuŋ | ko:ŋ | kuŋ | *kog- | kuŋuŋ | *kog- | *kog- | ko2g- |
244
⬢rub, vt | *sur- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʃiyuN | | sïruri | rub (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 346 | sɨjuN | rub (vt) | Uwano 1977: 19 | sijuN | rub (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 262 | siN | rub (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 199 | | sijuN | rub (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 472 | | | | sïpagï | sï:nil | NR | ʃʃi | ʃi: | *si- | sïsuŋ | ssuŋ | tuŋ | so:ŋ | susu:ruŋ | *susu- | ccituŋ | *susu- | *susu- | sur- | RK form may be a reduplication
245
⬢ruler, carpenter square | NA | monosaɕ | monosaɕi | | | | monosaɕi | monosaɕi | monosaɕi | | | monosaʔ | monosaɕi | | kani / baNzo:gani | monosaɕi | khanï / banzjoganï | carpenter's square | Osada & Suyama 1977: 426 | baNzjogaanɨ | carpenter's square | Uwano 2018c: 149 | baNzjoogani | carpenter's square | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 452 | baNzoogani | carpenter's square | Nakasone 1983: 421 | | kani / baNzjoogani | carpenter's square | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 131, 306 | | | munusaɕi | kani | kani | kani | kani | kani | *kane | kani-nu-ti: | bandzo:ŋ-gani | gandzu-gani | bandzoŋ-gani | banʒoŋ-gani | *-kane | bando:ŋani | *-kane | *kane | NR | kane is not attested until 14th century
次行 | | | | | | | | | | ɕaku | ɕaku | | ɕaku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | oridʑaku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | bandʑoːgani | | | | bandʑoːgani | bandzjuːgani | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dʑoːgi | | | | dʑoːgɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | munupakaz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
246
⬢run, v | *pasir- | | | | | | | | tobu (old, traditional) | | | | | | hayuN | | hasiruri | run (v) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 295 | hasɨjuN | run (v) | Uwano 1977: 25 | pajuN | run | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 446 | paN | run | Nakasone 1983: 419 | | hajuN | run, flow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 201 | tubzɨ | | | parï / pira- | pyal | NR | sïkɛ:sïm | pal | *par- / *kake- | kakitsïkiruŋ | parittsa:ʃiŋ | hakisïkeparuŋ | makiʃa:ri | yaNdasuŋ | *par- / *kake- | hayuN / tu:ruN | *par- | *par- | pasir- | Did /si/ lenite in RK?
次行 | | haɕiʔ | haɕiru | | | | haɕiru | haɕiru ~ haɕiʔ | haɕiru (new) | haɕiru | | haɕiː ~ haɕiʔ | haɕiʔ | | | hasɨrjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | kakuʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kakiz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fain | | | | | pal | pariparun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | piz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
247
⬢saddle | *kura | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kura | | kura | saddle | Osada & Suyama 1977: 471 | kʔuraa | saddle | Uwano 2017a: 151 | kura | saddle | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 193 | kʔuraa | saddle | Nakasone 1983: 138 | | kura | saddle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 337 | | | | fura | fura | NR | NR | NR | *kura | fufa | fufa | NR | NR | fufa | *kura | hura | *kura | *kura | kuda |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
248
⬢salt | *sipo | ɕio | ɕijo | | | | ɕio | ɕio | ɕio ~ ɕijo | ɕiwo | ɕio | ɕio | ɕio | | ma:syu | | masju | salt | Osada & Suyama 1977: 330 | maasju | salt | Uwano 2018a: 307 | masju | salt | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 530 | masu | salt | Nakasone 1983: 517 | | maasju | salt | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 355 | | | | ma:su | ma:su | ma:su | ma:su | ma:su | *ma:su | ma:su | ma:su | masu | ma:sï | ma:ʃu | *ma:su | masu | *ma:so | *masio | sipo | RK has a prefix ma-
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maɕu | | | | | | | | | | | | | masu | | | | maːsu | maːɕu | maːsu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
249
⬢salty | "*kara-
" | ɕiokare | ɕijogaraka | | | | ɕiokare | | ɕijogareː | ɕiokaraka | ɕion kaːka | ɕijokarakka | ɕoppaka | | "karasaN ""spicy"" /
sipukarasaN ""salty""" | | (i) kharasari (ii) (ma)sjugarasari | (i) salty, spicy (ii) salty | Osada & Suyama 1977: 329 | (i) karaahaN (ii) masjugaraahai | (i) salty, spicy (ii) salty | Uwano 1977: 28; 2018b: 172 | harasaN / sipugarasan | salty | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 250, 446 | (i) haraaseN (ii) sipʔukʔaraasen / suukʔaraaseN | (i) salty, spicy (ii) salty | Nakasone 1983: 192, 202, 415 | | (i) karasaN (ii) sipukarasaN / sjuuzuusaN | (i) salty, spicy (ii) salty | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 481 | sukarakaz | sukaraɕaːl | sakuraːn | kara | sukaramunu | NR | sukara kam | ʃukaramunu | *(siu)kara | karasa:ŋ "spicy" | karasa:ŋ "spicy" | karahaŋ "spicy" | karahanu "spicy" | karasaŋ "ibid" | *kara | karaŋ | *kara | "*kara- ""spicy""
*sipukara- ""salty""" | "kara- ""spicy""
" | sifofayu- is attested in 1450
次行 | | | | | | | kareː | | kareː (the taste of salt itself) | | | | | | | karaɕan | | | | | | | | | | | | | haraɕen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | ɕiohai | | ɕijohaiː (just a little salty) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | suːdzuːɕen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
250
⬢sand | *sunako | dzuna | zuna | | | | | suna | suna | suna | dzuna | suna | suna | | ʃina | sɨna | sïna | sand | Osada & Suyama 1977: 903 | sɨnaa | sand | Uwano 2017a: 153 | sina | sand | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 247 | sinaa | sand | Nakasone 1983: 188 | ɕina | sina | sand | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 476 | | | | mnagu: | mnagu | mnagu | mnaku | mnagu | *mVnago | ino: | ino:ŋ | iʃo:ŋ | isino: | inno: | *esinagu | ccinaŋ | *esinago / manago | *sina(go) | sunako | Final vowel unclear
次行 | | | | | | | masago | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mnagu | mnagu | inon | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
251
⬢sandals, straw | *saba | dzoːi ~ dʑoːi | ʑoi | | | | ʑori | dʑoːri | dʑoːri | dzoːri | dʑoːi | dʑoːʔ | dʑoːri ~ dzoːri | | saba | | saba | sandals | Osada & Suyama 1977: 250 | sjabaa | sandals | Uwano 2018a: 299 | saba | sandals | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 221 | sabaa | sandals | Nakasone 1983: 165 | dʑoːri | saba | sandals | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 452 | | | | fumsaba | saba | NR | saba | ʃaba | *saba | saba | saba | sapaŋ | saba | saba | *saba | saba | *saba | *saba | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕaba ~ saba | | | | | | | | | | | | | saba | | | | saba | ɕaba | saba | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
252
⬢sash | *obi | oʔ | obi | | | | obi | obi | obi | obi | obi | obi | obi | | suguiɁu:bi / husuɁu:bi | | kjuubi | sash (belt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 232 | kɁjuubɨ / kɁjuubi | sash (belt) | Uwano 2018b: 144 | kikibi / kicjubi | sash (belt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 161, 163 | hicuubi | sash (belt) | Nakasone 1983: 439 | | suguiɁuubi | sash (belt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 496 | | | | supugï | sukubï | NR | supukï | ʃupugï | *sukubi | ubï | fukubi | sïku:bi | pïkuŋ | hikkubi | *sukubi | fusu-ubi | *sukubi | *suguri-obi | obi1 |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kˀibi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hitɕuːbi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | supsɨgzɨ ~ sɨpugzɨ | ɕukubzɨ ~ ɕupugɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fukubi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
253
⬢saw, n | *nokogiri | noko ~ nokogiː | noko | | | | noko | noko | noko | noko | noko | nokogiʔ ~ nokogiː | nokogiri | | nukuziri | noko | nohogiri | saw (n) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 426 | noogiirɨ | saw (n) | Uwano 2017b: 239 | noogii | saw | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 409 | noozirii | saw | Nakasone 1983: 367 | nukugiri | nukuziri | saw | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 425 | nukugzɨː | nukugzɨ | nukiru | nukugï | nukudzï | nukudzï | nukukï | nukugï | *nokogi | nukïrï | nukiru | nugirï / nugira | nikirï | nuiru | *nokori | nugudi | *nokogi / *nokori | *nokogiri | NR | nokogiri is first attested around 985
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gagai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
254
⬢scale, measure | *pakari | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hakai | | Ɂniikhehebahari | unhulled rice-weighing scales | Osada & Suyama 1977: 700 | kɁiNzjo | scales | Okamura et al 2006: [1385] | pahai | scales | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 441 | pai | scales | Nakasone 1983: 376 | | hakai | scales | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 202 | | | | pakaï | pakal | pakai | NR | pakal | *pakari | pakarï | NR | pïkï | pïkï | NR | *paraki | hagai / hagayi | *pakari | *pakari | pakari |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | tɕikiri | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
255
⬢scissors | *pasami | hasan | hasami | | | | hasami | hasami | hasami | hasami | hasami | hasan | hasami | | pasami / hasaN | haɕan | hasaN | scissors | Osada & Suyama 1977: 240 | hasjamii | scissors | Uwano 2017b: 225 | pasaN | scissors | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 421 | pasaamii | scissors | Nakasone 1983: 383 | fasan | hasaN | scissors | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 208 | pasam | paɕam | pasan | pasam | pasam | hasam | pasam | paʃam | *pasamV | pasaŋ | NR | pasaŋ | patsan | hasaŋ | *pasaN | hasaŋ | *pasamV | *pasami | NR | pasami first attested in Kagero nikki
256
⬢scrape, shave, vt | *kentur- | kedzuʔ | hezuru ~ kezuru (new) | | | | kezuru | kezuru | hezuru ~ kezuru | kedzuru | kedzuː | kedzuː ~ kedzuʔ | kedzuru | | NR | kɨdzɨrjun | khïzïruri | shave (wood etc.) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 348 | kɨzɨjuN | shave (wood etc.) | Uwano 1977: 22 | sizjuN / siNzjuN | shave (wood etc.) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 239, 268 | kiziiruN | shave (wood etc.) | Nakasone 1983: 117 | kidʑiːn | | | | kittsɨ ~ kiddzɨ | kittɕiː | kidzun | kittsï | NR | kidzï | kigirï | kittʃi: | *kezi- | kizyirï | kizyuŋ | kïsiruŋ | NR | NR | *kezir- | kiŋduŋ | *kedur- | *kedur- | ke2dur- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | sogu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | higun | | | | | pigɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
257
⬢sea shell | *guru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔahwaku: | | mjaNkho | shell | Osada & Suyama 1977: 869 | mjaNkuu | shell | Uwano 2018a: 308 | | | | | | | | (i) kee (ii) ʔahwakee / ʔahwakuu | (i) shell (ii) bivalve shell | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 105, 318 | guː ~ guru | | | gu: | gu: | NR | NR | ku: | *gu: | ku: | ku: | NR | NR | adzai-gu: | *gu: | guru | *gu: < guru? | *gu: | NR |
258
⬢sea pig (dugong) | *msanV | | | | | | | | | | | | | | zaN | | zaNnuɁjuu | dugong | Osada & Suyama 1977: 844 | NR | | pc | uNwarabi | dugong | pc | | | | | zaNnuʔiju | dugong | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 598 | | | | zaŋ | zaŋ | NR | NR | NR | *zanV | zaŋ | zaŋ | NR | zanu | zaŋ | *zanV | da:ŋ | *zanV | *zanV | NR |
259
⬢season | NA | kiseʔ | kisetsu | | | | kiɕetsu | kiɕetsu | kiɕetu | kiɕetsu ~ dʑiɕetsu | kiɕetsu | kiɕetsu | kiɕetsu | | zisiɕi | sɨtsɨ | urisïcï | season | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 114 | NR | | pc | huisici | season | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 484 | hicii | season | Nakasone 1983: 431 | | zisici | season | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 603 | ɕitsɨ | ɕitsɨ | ɕitɕi | sïtsï | sïtsï | NR | sïtu | sïtsï | *situ | sïtsï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *situ | siti | *setu | *setu | NR | seti first attested in late Heian
次行 | | | ʑikoː | | | | ʑiki | | | dʑikoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕikiː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
260
⬢sea urchin | *uni | uni | onga | | | | uni | uni | uni | uni | uni | uni | uni | | gacica: | | gasïcï | sea urchin | Osada & Suyama 1977: 868 | (i) gacɨɨcɨ (ii) juunɨ | sea urchin ((i) edible (ii) inedible) | Uwano 2018b: 144 | hacici / juN | sea urchin | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 431, 622 | gasiisi / gasisaa | sea urchin | Nakasone 1983: 98 | | gacicjaa | sea urchin | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 187 | un | un | | un | uŋ | NR | NR | NR | *unV | kakidzï "sea urchin flesh" | gaki | uŋ | katsï | kakitʃi | *kake / *uni | Ngidata | *uni | *uni / *kaki | uni | uni first attested in Wamyosho
次行 | | | | | | gadze (Izumi) | | | gaiza ~ gaze (Youra in Tsukumi) | | | | | | | gasɨtsɨ | | | | in Rebun [AJ] | | | | | | | | | gaɕinɕi | | | | kadzɨksɨ | kadzɨtsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kadze attested in Morioka, kadʑe in Ashiro (Iwate), gadze in Sado, gadʑe in Nanao, gandze in Rebun [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | garasankoːma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
261
⬢see, vt | *me- | miʔ | miru | | | | miru | miru | miru | miru | miː | miʔ | miʔ | | nu:N | njun | mju(u)ri | see, look | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 327 | njuN | see, look | Uwano 2018b: 148 | mjuN | see, look | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 561 | mjuN | see, look | Nakasone 1983: 545 | miːn | NzjuN | see, look | Nishioka & Nakahara 2006: 209 | miːz | miːl | mirun | mi:ï | mi:l | mi: | mi:m | mi:l | *mer- | mi:ruŋ | mi:ruŋ | miruŋ | miruŋ | miŋ | *mer- | Nnuŋ | *mer- | *mer- | *mi- |
262
⬢seed, lineage | *tane | tane | tane | | | | | tane | tane | | | tane | tane | | tani "lineage" | tanɨ | thanï | seed | Osada & Suyama 1977: 783 | tanɨɨ | seed | Uwano 2018b: 155 | tani | seed | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 290 | tanii | penis | Nakasone 1983: 235 | tani | tani | penis | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 510 | tani ~ munudani | tani | tani | tani | tani | tani | tani | tani | *tane | tani | tani | tani | tani | tani / tana | *tane | tani | *tane | *tane | tane |
263
⬢seed | *sane | | | | | | | | | sane (Chikugo) | sane | | | | sani | sanɨ (Yamatoma) | sanï | kernel of fruit stone | Osada & Suyama 1977: 783 | | | | | | | sanii | seed | Nakasone 1983: 165 | sani | sani | seed | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 457 | sanimunu | | sani | sani | sani | sani | NR | ʃani | *sane | sani | NR | NR | NR | NR | *sane | sani "lineage" | *sane | *sane | sane |
264
⬢seedling, sapling | *nap | nae | naje | | | | nae | naje | naje | nae | nae | nae | nae | | ne: | nəː | nai | rice seedling | Osada & Suyama 1977: 697 | nai | rice seedling | Uwano 2018b: 148 | nee | rice seedling | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 407 | ɁiNdanii | rice seedling | Nakasone 1983: 51 | nai | nee | seedling | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 413 | nai | nai | nai | nai | nai | NR | NR | NR | *nae | nai | nai | mɛ: | na: | nai | *nae | nai | *nae | *nae | nape2 |
265
⬢sew | *nop- | nuː | nuː | | | | nuː | nuː | nuː | nuː | nuː | nuː | nuː | | no:yuN | nojun | noouri | sew | Osada & Suyama 1977: 238 | noojuN | sew | Uwano 1977: 19 | nuujuN | sew | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 399 | nooruN | sew | Nakasone 1983: 367 | noːjun | noojuN | sew | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 421 | nuː | nuː | nuːn | nu: | nu: | nu: | nu: | nu: | *no- | no:ŋ | nu:ŋ | nu:ŋ | kïnuno:ŋ | nu:ŋ | *noCu- | nuŋ | *noCu- | *noCu- | nup- |
266
⬢sharpen, vt | *togar- | toʔ | togu | | | | togu | togu | togu | togu | togu | togu | togu | | NR | tugjuri | thuguri | sharpen (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 463 | tugjuN | sharpen (vt) | Uwano 1977: 19 | tugjuN | sharpen (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 353 | tuzuN | sharpen (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 314 | tugun | tuzjuN | sharpen (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 535 | tugzɨ | tugɨ | tuːn | tugya:nu | ttʃimunu | kaz [Sarahama; AJ] | NR | ʃuguri | *tog- | tugarï-zu:sa:ŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *togar- | tuŋuN | *togar- | *togar- | NR | togar- is first attested in 1023
次行 | | kedzuʔ | | | | | | | | | kedzuʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
267
⬢shellfish | *mena | ke | kjaː | | | | kai | kjaː | kai ~ keː | kai ~ geː (in Chikugo) | kjaː | kjaː | kai | | mina: | | mja(a) | shellfish | Osada & Suyama 1977: 868-9 | mjaa | shellfish | Uwano 2018a: 308 | kai | clam | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 138 | naa | shell, shellfish | Nakasone 1983: 327 | | kee | shell | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 318 | mna | mna | | ʃina / sïbï | asal / sïbï | asaï | nika / mna | aʃal | *asari / *sïbï | ku: / nna | mina | minaŋ | NR | mina: | *mena | Nda / gi:ra | *asari / *mena | *asari / *mena | mi1na |
次行 | | mina ~ nina (Makurazaki, Satsuma) | | mina | | | | | | | | | | | | nja | | | | | | | | | | | | | nnaː | | | | ɕina (clam) | ɕina (clam) | mina | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | piɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | guː ~ guru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
268
⬢shoot, vt | *ut- / *i- | iʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | i:yuN | | Ɂiruri | shoot (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 338 | ʔijuN | shoot (vt) | pc | ɁjuN | shoot (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 78 | ɁiN | shoot (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 50 | | ɁijuN | shoot (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 253 | iːz | il | irun | utsï | utsï | NR | fukïm | utsï | *ut- | i:ruŋ | NR | NR | utʃi | NR | *ut- / *i:r- | utuŋ | *ut- / *i:r- | *ut- / *i:r- | ut- / i- |
次行 | | uʔ | utsu | | | | utsu | utsu | utu | utsu | utsu | uʔ | utsu | | | ʔutɕun | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔuttun | | | | vtsɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
269
⬢shout, scream, yell | data too varied | oraʔ | orabu | | | | orabu | | orabu | orabu | urabu | | orabu | | ɁabiyuN | | Ɂabïruri | shout, call, invite | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 392 | ʔabɨjuN | shout, call | Okamura et al 2006: [0987, 0963] | abjuN | shout, call | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 36 | ɁabiruN | shout, yell, call, sing aloud | Nakasone 1983: 16 | | ɁabijuN | shout, yell | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 100 | | | jarabun | bamikï | bamifu | NR | apiri | bamiki: | *bamek- | duge:ruŋ | uya:ruŋ | yubuŋ | uŋge:ruŋ | duge:ruŋ | *dogair- / *yob- | abiruN | *wamek- / *dogair- | *abir- / *wamek- / *dogair- | NR | wamek- attested in 1630s
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | saken | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | omeku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔabjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔabiːn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | bamiksɨ | banksɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the Miyako forms are cognates of SJ wameku
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ujaːrun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
270
⬢shrimp | *ebi | eʔ | jeːbi | | | | ebi | jebi | jebi | jebi | ebi | ebi | ebi | | ʔibi | | ʔibi | lobster | Osada & Suyama 1977: 865-6 | ʔibii | shrimp | Uwano 2017a: 143 | ibi | shrimp | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 74 | Ɂibii | shrimp | Nakasone 1983: 45 | ʔiːbi | ʔibi | shrimp | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 244 | ibzɨ | ibzɨ | ibi | ibï | ibï | NR | ibï | ibi | *ebi | ibï | ibi | NR | NR | ibi | *ebi | iŋ / i:ŋ | *ebi | *ebi | ebi | Final vowel unclear
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔibi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕaz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
271
⬢sickle | *irara | kama | kama | | | | kama | kama | kama | kama | kama | kama | kama | | Ɂirana | kama | khama | sickle | Osada & Suyama 1977: 470 | kamaa | sickle | Uwano 2017b: 220 | hama | sickle | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 442 | Ɂiraana / hamaa | sickle | Nakasone 1983: 46, 412 | hama | Ɂirana / kama | sickle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 258, 304 | | | | ïzara | ïzara | ïzara | ïara | ïzara | *irara | gagï | gakkye: | gakkya | ga:kï | gaʃi | *gaki | irara | *irara / *gaki | *irara | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | zzara | zzara | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | iruːna (for reaping millet) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | gakke | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
272
⬢sieve, strainer | *yur- | toɕ | | | | | | | toːɕi | toːɕi | | | | | yui | | juri | sieve | Osada & Suyama 1977: 455 | jui | sieve | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 175 | jui | sieve | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 608 | jui | sieve | Nakasone 1983: 585 | | jui | sieve | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 286 | | | | | yul | yui | NR | yul / si:na | *yuri | yurasï | yuraʃi | yurasï | yurasï | yuraʃi | *yurasi | duraci | *yuri / *yurasi | *yuri / *yurasi | NR | Likely based on the verb yuras- 'to shake, filter'
次行 | | fure | furiː | | | | furi | | furiː | | | furui | furui | | | furi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | cognates of toɕ widespread in Mainland starting from Aomori; oroɕi may be limited to Kyushu [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | oroɕi | | | oroɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | suinoː | suinoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕiːnoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jui | | | | | upujul | juraɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
273
⬢skein | *kase | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kaʃi | | khasï | skein | Osada & Suyama 1977: 274 | kasjɨɨ | skein | Uwano 2017a: 156 | hasi | skein | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 421 | kasii / hasii | skein | Nakasone 1983: 384 | | kasi | skein | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 312 | | | | kaʃi | kaʃi | NR | NR | kaʃi | *kase | kaʃi | kaʃi | NR | NR | NR | *kase | kasi | *kase | *kasew | kase |
274
⬢sky | *sora | ten | | | | | ten | | tɕen | ten | | | | | tiN | tin | thïN | sky | Osada & Suyama 1977: 883 | tɨN | sky | Uwano 2018b: 141 | tiN | sky | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 340 | tiN | sky | Nakasone 1983: 299 | tin | tiN | sky | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 521 | tin | tin | tin | tiŋ | tiŋ | tiŋ | tiŋ | tiŋ | *teN | tiŋ | tiŋ | dȝiŋ | tsiŋ | tiŋ | *teN | tiŋ | *teN | *teN | so1ra | ten is Sino-Japanese 天
次行 | | aodzora | sora | | | | sora (recent) | sora | sora | sora | sora | sora | sora | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
275
⬢slaughter, vt. | *kərəs- | | | | | | | | | tendʑoː [Itoshima district] | | | | | kurusyuN | | khussuri | kill | Osada & Suyama 1977: 360 in entry for ɁwaNkhamaci | kussjuN | kill | pc | hurusjuN | slaughter (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 511 | kurusuN / jacuN | slaughter | Nakasone 1983: 139, 577 | | kurusuN | slaughter | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 339 | | | | kurusï | kurusï | NR | NR | kurusï / bazzyu: | *koros- | kurasïŋ | NR | NR | kurafa: / kurai | kurasuŋ | *koros- / *koras- | Nnaŋ | *koros- / *koras- | *koros- | ko2ro2s- |
次行 | | | | | | | kumonhara | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
276
⬢slow | *neb- | ose | osuka | | | | osiː | osuka | oɕiː ~ oswiː | osoka | osuka | ohika ~ okka | osoka | | niisaN / nurusaN | | jodesari / nurusari | slow | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 183 | duNnaahaN | slow | Uwano 1977: 27 | duNnasaN / nensaN | slow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 362, 408 | niiseN | slow | Nakasone 1983: 347, | | niisaN / nurusaN | slow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 417, 426 | | | | niu | nivkal | NR | nifkam | nifuʃal | *neb- | nussa:ŋ | ni:ba:ŋ | nupïʃaru | nipïsa:ŋ | nu:saŋ | *neb- | niNsaŋ | *neb- / *nur- | *neb- / *nur- | NR | nibu- first attested in Heian
次行 | | nuri | | | | | | | | nuruka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | judusan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | niːɕen | | | | nivkaz | nifuɕaːl | niːban | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
277
⬢smell, vt. | *kamuk- | kazun | kazumu ~ kazamu | | | | kazamu | kazumu | kadzamu (about bad smells) | | kadzumu | kadzumu | kadzumu | | kaȝayuN | kadzaɕun ~ kadzasun | khazamuri | smell (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 329 | kazjaa-sjuN | smell (vt) | Uwano 1977: 18 | habjuN | | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 442 | hamiN | smell (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 414 | hadʑasun | kazja-suN | smell (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 316 | | | | kabï | kam / kabil | kam | kapïm | kabï | *kamb- | kabuŋ | kabuŋ | kapuŋ / kabuŋ | kabuŋ | kabi | *kab- | kabuŋ | *kamb- | *kamb- | kag- | PJ form from Martin (1987:701)
次行 | | | | | | | | | nijuː ~ nijou | niou | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | kagu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | habasun | | | | kabzɨ | kabɨ | kabun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
278
⬢smoke | *kəimpuri | kemui | | | | | kemuri | kemuri | kemuri | kemuri | kemui | kemuʔ | kemuri | | kibusi / cimuri | | khïbusi | smoke | Osada & Suyama 1977: 420 | kɨbuusɨ | smoke | Uwano 2017b: 220 | siNbusi | | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 270 | kibuusi | smoke | Nakasone 1983: 118 | | kibusi | smoke | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 319 | | | | kivsï | kivsï | kyu:sï | kifu | kifusï | *kebusi | kibusï | kibo:ʃi | kipusï | kibusï / kïmusï | kyu:ʃi | *kebusi | kibunci | *kebosi | *kebosi | ke2buri | First vowel unclear
次行 | | kebui ~ kebi | kebui | | | | | keburi | | | kebui | | | | | kɨbuɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | kibui | | | | kivsɨ | kifusɨ | kiboːɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
279
⬢snake | *pabu | heʔ | heːbu | | | | | | | | | | | | pabu / ciNhabu | habu | habu | poisonous snake | Osada & Suyama 1977: 851 | (i) mazjuN (ii) mattëëhu | (i) snake (ii) Dinodon semicarinatum | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 176; Uwano 2017a: 152 | (i) nagamunu (ii) mattabu | (i) snake (ii) Dinodon semicarinatum | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 376, 534 | pabuu / ciNpabu | snake, poisonous | Nakasone 1983: 412 | fabu | (i) nagamuN (ii) habu | (i) snake (ii) Protobothrops flavoviridis | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 404, 198 | pav ~ pau | poː | pabu | pau | pav | hau | pav | pau / po: | *pabu | pabu | pabu | paku | pabu | habu | *pabu | NR | *pabu | *pabu | NR | habu means "viper" in Kyushu
次行 | | | | heːbi (archaic) ~ hebi | | | hebi | hebi | hebi | hebi (a snake in the house) | | | hebi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | hebu in Tokara islands
次行 | | | | | | | | | | ku̥tɕinawa (a general name) | ku̥tɕinawa | | ku̥tɕinawa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | nagamui | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | madzɨmun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Naze madzɨmun otherwise means 'an apparition, a demon' [AJ]
280
⬢snake, black | *karasu- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | garaʃi-hwi:ba | | | | | garasɨuubu | snake, black | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 176 | | | | garaasipɁuipa / garaasipɁeehu | snake, black | Nakasone 1983: 108 | | garasihwiiba | snake, black | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 189 | garasabav ~ garasabau | | garasapabu | garasa-bav | garasa-bav | NR | garasa-pav | NR | *garasa-pabu | garasï-pabu | garaʃi-pabu | garasa-paku | garasï-pabu | aya-habu | *garasi-pabu | NR | *garasi-pabu | *garasi-pabu | karasu-pemi "viper" |
281
⬢snake, blue-green | *awo-natu | aodaiɕo | | | | | | | | | | | aodaiɕoː | | ɁooɁNnaza: | | Ɂonagja | snake, blue-green | Osada & Suyama 1977: 854 | Ɂaunuzja | snake, blue-green | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 176 | oonuzi | snake, blue-green | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 133 | Ɂoonazaa | snake, blue-green | Nakasone 1983: 89 | | ɁooɁNnazaa | snake, blue-green | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 439 | | | | o:na:zï | NR | NR | aunakï-pav | NR | *au-nazi | au-nadzï | au-naȝi | o:nadza-paku | au-nantsï | o:ra:dzï | *ao-nati | NR | *ao-nati | *ao-natu | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔoːnagja | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔoːnagja | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | oːnudzɨbav | oːnudzɨboː | aunadʑi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | nagaroːheːbu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | iehebi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | mokkohebi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
282
⬢snake, grass | ? | | | | | | | | jawataro | | | | | | NR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | aka-tukara | NR | NR | aka-pav | NR | *aka-tokara | aka-tukara | tako:ra | tukerï | tako:ra | to:ra-habu | *tokaura | tugara | *tokaWora | *tokaWora | NR | A large poisonous snake indigenous to Miyako and Yaeyama
次行 | | | | | | | | | | jadʑirami | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | eːgutɕinawa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | nagamui | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
283
⬢soot | *susu | sus | susu | | | | susu | susu | susu | susu | susu | susuʔ | susu | | ʃi:ʃi | sɨsɨ | sïsï | soot | Osada & Suyama 1977: 420 | hwɨNgo | soot | Uwano 2017a: 158 | sisi | soot | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 238 | sisi | soot | Nakasone 1983: 180 | ɕiɕi | siisi | soot | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 471 | sɨsɨ | sɨsɨ | ɕiːɕi | fussï / tsïsïpi | ffusï | sï:sï | sï:sï | fukitïtï: | *sisi | sïsï | ʃiʃi | sïsï | sïsï | sï:sï / ʃi:ʃi | *su:su | ccici | *su:su | *su:su | susu |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ffubuki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
284
⬢soup, broth | *siru | sui | sui | | | | | | | suimon | | | | | siru | | siru | soup | Osada & Suyama 1977: 341 | sɨruu | soup | Uwano 2017a: 150 | sjuu / siru | soup, broth | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 258, 267 | siruu | soup, broth | Nakasone 1983: 198 | | siru | soup, broth | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 483 | | | | sunusï / su: | mssï /sïru | NR | su:nusï | sïru | *siru / *su:nusi | suru | su: | su: | su: | ʃu: | *suru | c'iru | *siru | *siru | siru |
次行 | | | | | | | ɕuru | ɕuru | ɕiru | | ɕuʔ | ɕuʔ | ɕiru | | | sɨru | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕiruː | | | | sɨː | sɨː | suː ~ ɕiru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
285
⬢sour | *suwo- | sui | ɕiːka | | | | suiː | suika | suiː | suika ~ ɕiːka | ɕiːka | | | | ʃi:saN | sɨsan | sïïsari | sour | Osada & Suyama 1977: 330 | sjɨɨhai | sour | Uwano 2018b: 171 | siisjaN | sour | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 228 | siiseN | sour | Nakasone 1983: 172 | ɕiːɕen | siisaN | sour | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 471 | | | ɕiːjan | suvkaï | suvkal | su:kai | su:kam | sïfuʃa:l | *subukar- | su:sa:ŋ | NR | sïsahaŋ | so:hanu | ʃi:sa | *suCo- | ccya:ŋ | *suwo- | *suwo- | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | suppaka | suppaka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | suvkaz | sɨfuɕaːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
286
⬢south | *pawe | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pe: / hwe: | fəː | (i) minami (ii) hweNkhaze | (i) south (ii) south-westerly wind | Osada & Suyama 1977: 893; Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 140 | hwëë | south | Uwano 2017b: 229 | pee | south | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 514 | pee | south | Nakasone 1983: 501 | heː | hwee | south | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 227 | pai | pai | pai | pai | pai | hai | pai | pai | *pae | paï | pai | pë: | paï | pai | *paï | hai | *paWï | *paWï | NR |
次行 | | minan | minami | | | | minami | minami | minami | minami | minaminhoː | minami | minami | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
287
⬢sow seed, vt | *mak- | maʔ | maku | | | | maku | maku | maku | maku | maku | maʔ | maku | | macuN | makjun | makhuri | spread (water, seeds) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 280 | makjuN | spread (water, seeds) | Uwano 1977: 19 | makjuN | spread (water, seeds) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 528 | macuN | spread (water, seeds) | Nakasone 1983: 519 | makun | macuN | sow seed | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 357 | maksɨ | maksɨ | makun | makï | matsï | NR | makï | makï: | *mak- | makï | makuŋ | maguN | makuŋ | moN | *mak- | maguN | *mak- | *mak- | mak- |
288
⬢spade | *sap | | suki | | | | suki | suki | suki | suki | suki | suʔ | suki | | kwe: | | sukoppu | spade | Osada & Suyama 1977: 470 | sɨkoppu | spade | pc | sjoopuru | shovel | pc | | | | | | | | | | | sïki / bafuyama | sïki / bafuyama | NR | sïki | sïkï | *suki / *baku- | usïnu-yama | NR | NR | NR | NR | *usi-no-yama | Nbuguci | *-bukoti | * | sapi | From Paekche *sap
次行 | | okoɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tsˀɨrubaɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | judʑeː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pira | | pira | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jama (plowing spade) | usɨjama (plowing spade pulled by an ox) | usɨjama (plowing spade pulled by an ox) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
289
⬢sparrow | sunsumure | sudzume | suzume | | | | suzume | suzume | suzume | sudzume | sudzume | sudzun | sudzume | | yumudui | | jumïNduri | sparrow | Osada & Suyama 1977: 847 | juNdui | sparrow | Uwano 2017b: 227 | jumudui | sparrow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 620 | kʔuraacicaa / kʔuraajamaa | sparrow | Nakasone 1983: 138 | | kuraa | sparrow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 337 | | | | paduï / padura | ffadurya | ffyadura | patuï | ya:nu-fadul | *paturi | miʃu-tunna: | ka:raya:nu-tura:ma | miʃu-durï | ka:raya:nu-tu:rama | ga:ra-tuina | ? | haduya | *padoriya | ? | suzume2 | Proto-form from Martin (1987:535)
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | junduri | | | | | | | | | | | | | jumuri | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | paduz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jaːnu ffadul | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kaːrahaː-nu turaːma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
290
⬢spear | *yari | | | | | | | | | | | | | | yai | | jari | spear | Osada & Suyama 1977: 686 | jai | spear | Uwano 2017a: 145 | jai | spear | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 592 | jai / ei | spear | Nakasone 1983: 575 | | jai | spear | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 274 | | | | yaï | yal | NR | NR | yal | *yari | yarï / yara | NR | Ɂui | NR | yari | *yari | NR | *yari | *yari | yari | yari is attested in Nara era documents
291
⬢spider | *kumo | koʔ | koːbu | kobu | | | kobu | kobu | | kobu [Chikugo] | kobu | | kobu | | kubu / ku:ba: | | khubu | spider | Osada & Suyama 1977: 879 | kuubu / maNguuhu | spider | Uwano 2018b: 156, 165 | hubu | spider | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 506 | hubu | spider | Nakasone 1983: 492 | fabugaɕi | kuubaa | spider | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 344 | kuv | kuvu | gubundani | kuv | ya:kuv | ku: | kupu | kuvu | *kobu | kubu | gubun-dani | sufuku | guNbo: | ko:ttara | *kobu | kubu: | *kobu | *kobu | kumo | Final vowel unclear
次行 | | | | | | | | | kumo | kumo ~ gumo [Buzen] | | kumo | kumo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kumu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | man | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
292
⬢spin (thread), tv | *tumug- | tsumuʔ | tsumugu | | | | tsumugu | | tumugu (silk or cotton) | tsumugu | tsumugu | tsumun | tsumugu | | ɕiNzuN | tsɨmugjun | Ɂumuri | spin (thread) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 259 | ɁumjuN | spin (thread) | pc | umjuN | spin (thread) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 118 | ciNzuN | spin (thread) | Nakasone 1983: 289 | tɕimugun | ciNzjuN | spin (thread) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 160 | | tsɨngɨ | | m: | tsïmal | NR | kïŋki | mmi: | *Vm- | umu / bu:un | NR | sakuŋ | ɸuŋ | m:muŋ | *um- | umuŋ | *um- | *tumu- | tumug- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | umu (linen) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mː | | uːmun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | joru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
293
⬢(be) split | *ware- | | aruru | | | | waruru | NR | waruru | waruru ~ wareru | waruʔ | waruʔ ~ waruː | NR | | wariyuN | warirjun | wareruri | split, break (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 251 | warɨjuN | split, break (vi) | Okamura et al 2006: [1327] | warjuN | split, break (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 637 | wariiruN | split (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 619 | wariːn | warijuN | split (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 588 | bariz | baril | NR | bariï | NR | bari: | NR | baril | *barer- | bariruŋ | bariruŋ | bariruŋ | bariruŋ | NR | *barer- | bariruŋ | *warer- | *warer- | ware- |
次行 | | ugareʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | tsuggaruʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
294
⬢split open, vt | *war- | waʔ | aru | | | | waru | waru | waru | waru | waː | waʔ ~ waː | waru | | wayuN | warjun | waruri | split, break (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 357 | wajuN | split, break (vt) | Uwano 1977: 19 | wajuN | split, break (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 635 | waN | split, break (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 620 | wain | wajuN | split, break (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 592 | baz | bal | barun | baï | bal | bai | paï / barï | bal | *bar- | bariŋ | bariŋ | bariŋ | bariŋ | bariŋ | *bar- | bariŋ | *war- | *war- | war- |
295
⬢spoon | *kapi | sadʑi | saːʑi | | | | saʑi | saʑi | saʑi | sadʑi | NA | ɕadʑi | sadʑi | | ke: | sadʑi | sazi | spoon | Osada & Suyama 1977: 448 | | | | | | | | | | sadʑi | kee | spoon | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 318 | sadʑi (a new word) | | sadʑi | kai / kina | kina | NR | NR | NR | *kae | akkai-na: | gaiya:ma | sukoi | pe:ma | akkai-na: | *kae | akkai-na: | *-kae | *kae | kapi1 | Same as kapi "seashell" (cf. Martin 1987:433)
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɕikkai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
296
⬢spring, n | *uru- | hai | haru ~ haːru | | | | haru | haru | haru | haru | haː | haru | haru | | ɁuruziN | haru (loan) | (i) haru (ii) ɁurezuN | (i) spring (ii) spring seasonal wind | Osada & Suyama 1977: 895; Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 114 | ɁurɨzɨN | spring | Uwano 2017b: 238 | uriziN | spring (season) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 122 | ʔuriziN | spring (season) | Nakasone 1983: 77 | NA | wakaɁuriziN / ɁuriziN | spring (season) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 562, 590 | paru | | | ufïkïm | uldzïm | bi:dȝiŋ | ufïkïm | urudzïm | *uruzimV | urudzïŋ | urudzïŋ | urizïŋ | urontsuŋ | NR | *uruziN | urudiŋ | *uruzimV | *uruzimV | NR | perhaps from uru- "irrigate"-no-simi "soak through"
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | vːdzɨm ~ uvdzɨm | urudzɨm | urudzun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
297
⬢sprout, bud, vi | *moyer- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mi:yuN | | mïï-nu Ɂiziruri | sprout, bud (vi) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 784 | cɨbuu ɁizjasjuN | sprout, bud (vi) | pc | (i) mii-nu izjuN (ii) muijuN | (i) sprout, bud (vi) (ii) grow, flourish | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 543 (in entry for mii), 566 | pʔiNziN | sprout, bud (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 454 | | (i) miduri sacjuN (ii) miijuN | (i) sprout, bud (vi) (ii) grow, arise | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 370, 374 | | | | muiï | NR | NR | NR | muil | *moer- | muiruŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *moer- | muiruŋ | *moer- | *moer- | mo1yer- |
298
⬢squid | *eka | ika | ika | | | | ika | ika | ika | ika | ika | ika | ika | | ʔitʃa / ʔika | ʔikja | ʔikhja | squid | Osada & Suyama 1977: 867 | Ɂikjaa | squid | Uwano 2017a: 143 | icja | squid | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 66 | hicaa | squid | Nakasone 1983: 436 | ʔikja | ʔitʃa / ʔika | squid | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 244, 253 | ikja | ika | iga | ikya | ika | NR | NR | ika | *eka | ika | iga | iga | ika | ika | *eka | ita / ika | *eka | *eka | ika |
299
⬢staff | *gusami | tsue | tsuje | | | | | tsuje | tuje | tsuje | tsue | tsue | tsue | | gusani / gu:syaN | | gosjaN | staff | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 537 | busjaN | staff | Uwano 2018b: 143 | gusjana / gusjanu | staff | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 181 | gusaani | staff | Nakasone 1983: 124 | | guusjaN | staff | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 195 | | | | guʃaŋ | guʃaŋ | guʃaŋ | kuʃam | guʃam | *gusamV | gusaŋ | gusaŋ | gusaŋ | gusaŋ | gusaŋ | *gusaN | gusaŋ | *gusamV | *gusami | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | sebo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | guɕan | | | | | | | | | | | | | gusan | | | | guɕan | guɕam | gusan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
300
⬢steal, rob, st. | *nusum- | nusun (loan) | | | | | | | | nusumu | nusumu | nusun | nusumu | | nusunuN | nusumjun | nusïmuri | steal (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 367 | nusɨmjuN | steal (vt) | Uwano 1977: 24 | nusumjuN | steal (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 402 | nusimiN | steal (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 358 | nusumun | nusumuN | steal (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 427 | nusɨm | nusɨm | nusumun | nusïm | NR | NR | nisum | nusïmi: | *nusim- | nusumuŋ / nusï | NR | nusumuŋ | nusimi | nuʃʃitu | *nusi- / *nusum- | nucimuŋ | *nusim- | *nusim- | nusum- |
次行 | | ottoʔ | ottoru | | | | ottoru | ottoru | toru | toru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
301
⬢steam, n | *kebusi / *eki | juge (recent) | juge (recent) | | | | juge (from bathroom water) | juge (from water) | juge (from water) | juge (from water, thick) | | juge | juge | | Ɂatʃiki | | ʔacïke | steam | Osada & Suyama 1977: 341 | Ɂacɨkɨɨ | steam | Uwano 2018a: 300 | NR | | pc | hacikʔee | steam (n) | Nakasone 1983: 397 | | Ɂaciki | steam (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 101 | | | | ikïgï | itsïke | NR | kifu | kïfuʃu | *ekifu | kibusï | NR | kïpusï | kïpï | yu:nuiʃi | *kebursi / *eki | NR | *kebusi /*eki | *kebusi / *eki | NR | Maybe iki is "breath" If so, then OJ iki1 > PJ eki
次行 | | hoke (archaic) | hoke (archaic, rare) | | | | hoke (from the pot, dishes, laundry or the ground) | hoke (from dishes) | hoke (from dishes) | hoke (from dishes, mild) | hoke | | | | | fui | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fuki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔatɕiːki | | | | | | iki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | iksɨgzɨ | ikki (from bathroom water) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kifusɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
302
⬢steam, vt. | *mus- | mus | musu | | | | | | | mosu | mosu | musu | musu | | ɁNbusyuN | | khasikuri | steam (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 368 | ɁNNsjuN | steam (vt) | Uwano 1977: 19 | ubusjuN / uNsjuN | steam (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 114, 127 | ʔubusuN | steam (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 68 | | ɁNbusuN | steam (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 430 | | | | mbusï | NR | NR | mbusï | mbusï | *mVbus- | mbusïŋ | NR | NR | NR | NR | *mbus- | NbuN | *mbus- | *mbus- | mus- |
次行 | | omos | | | | | umusu | omosu | umusu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔubusun | | | | mbusɨ | mbusɨ | mbusun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | umusu attested in Western Honshu (Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi)
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | fukasu | fukasu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fukasun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kasɨkjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
303
⬢stick | *bawo | bo | boː ~ bokutoː (rare) | | | | boː | boː ~ bokuto (big, thick) | boː | boː ~ bokuto | boː | boː | boː | | bo: | boː | (i) gui / bokkwa (ii) boo | (i) stick (ii) rod | Osada & Suyama 1977: 471, 472 | (i) bui (ii) boo | (i) stick (ii) rod | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 175, 179 | boo | rod | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 518 | (i) booziri (ii) boo | (i) stick (ii) rod | Nakasone 1983: 506 | boː | (i) booziri / bui (ii) boo | (i) stick (ii) rod | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 135, 136 | boː | boː | bau | bo: | bo: | bau | pau | bo: | *bau | bo: | bau | bo: | bo: | bo: | *bau | bu: | *baWo | *baWo | NR | bawo is attested in 1110 in Hyakuza hodan
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | bungiri | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
304
⬢stink, smell bad | *kusa- | kuse | kusaka | | | | kuseː | kusaka | kuseː | kusaka | kusaka | hoppokusai | kusaka | | kusasaN | kuɕaɕan | kusasari | stink (adj) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 327 | kusjaahaN | stink (adj) | Uwano 2017a: 153 | kusasaN | stink (adj) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 179 | kusaaseN | stink (adj) | Nakasone 1983: 124 | kusaɕen | kusasaN | stink (adj) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 340 | fsakaz | fɕaɕaːl | ssaːn | fusa: | fusa: | NR | ffakam | fuʃaʃal | *fusa- | fusasa:ŋ | susa: | futsahaŋ | fufahanu | ssasasu | *kusa- | c'a:N | *kusa- | *kusa- | kusa- |
305
⬢stone | *esi | iɕ | iɕi | | | | iɕi | iɕi | iɕi | iɕi | iɕi | iɕi | iɕi | | Ɂisi | ʔisɨ | Ɂisi | stone | Osada & Suyama 1977: 904 | Ɂisɨɨ | stone | Uwano 2017a: 146 | isi | stone | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 59 | ʔisii / sii | stone | Nakasone 1983: 369 | ʔiɕi | Ɂisi | stone | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 261 | isɨ | iɕi | iɕi | isï | isï | isï | isï | iʃi | *esi | iʃi | iʃi | iʃi | isi | iʃi | *ese | ici | *ese | *ese | isi |
306
⬢storehouse | *kura- | kura | kura | | | | kura | kura | kura | | | kura | kura | | kura | takagura | kura | storehouse | Osada & Suyama 1977: 379 | kɁuraa | storehouse | Uwano 2017a: 148 | kura | storehouse | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 193 | kʔuraa | storehouse | Nakasone 1983: 138 | | kura | storehouse | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 337 | toːvva (cooking/storage space); kura | toːvva (cooking/storage space); kura | kura | kura | NR | kura | NR | fura | *kura | kura | ku:ru | ffa: | kura | fufa | *kura | fura: | *kura | *kura | kura | South Ryukyuan kura is probably a loan
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | koja | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | dodzoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
307
⬢straw | *wara- | wara | ara | | | | wara | wara | wara | wara | wara | wara | wara | | wara | wara | wara | straw | Osada & Suyama 1977: 815 | waraa | straw | Uwano 2017a: 150 | wara | straw | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 636 | waraa | straw | Nakasone 1983: 618 | waraː | wara | straw | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 591 | bara | | barafuta | bara | bara | bara | bara | bara | *bara | bara | bara | barafuta | wara | barafuta | *bara | bara | *wara | *wara | wara |
308
⬢straw bag | *tapara | kamage | kamage | | | | kamage | | kamage | kamage (Ōnoshiro, Kurume) | kamagi | | | | ta:ra | kamagi | (i) thoora (ii) khamagi | (i) bale (ii) straw bag | Osada & Suyama 1977: 457 | (i) taaraa (ii) kamaagi | (i) bale of rice (ii) straw bag | Uwano 2017b: 224, 235 | (i) toora (ii) kamagi | (i) bale (ii) straw bag | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 149, 366 | (i) taaraa (ii) hamaazii | (i) bale (ii) straw bag | Nakasone 1983: 222, 412 | hamagiː | (i) taara (ii) kamazii | (i) bale (ii) straw bag | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 304, 502 | kamadʑiː ~ kamadʑiːgu | | kamadʑi | ta:ra | ta:ra | ta:ra | NR | ta:ra | *ta:ra | ta:ra | ta:ra | NR | ta:ra | ta:ra | *ta:ra | tara | *ta:ra | *ta:ra | tapara | Hirara could be a loan from Okinawan [AJ}
次行 | | | | | | | kamasu | | | kamasu | | kamasu | kamasu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kamasɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | kobuku | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kutɕaki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | taːra | toːra (archaic) ~ taːra | | | | tawara | toːra | toːra | tawara | tawara | tawara | tawara | | | tora | | | | | | | | | | | | | taːra | | | | taːra | taːra | taːra | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
309
⬢straw mat | *mosirə | muɕito | muɕiro ~ miɕiro (old) | | | | muɕiro | muɕiro | muɕiro | muɕiro | muɕiro | muɕɕo ~ muiro | muɕiro | | musiru | musɨro ~ muɕiro | musiro | straw mat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 410 | mussju | straw mat | Uwano 2017b: 224 | mussjuu | straw mat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 571 | musu | straw mat | Nakasone 1983: 551 | musu | musiru | straw mat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 396 | mussu | mussu | musu | mussu | mussu | mussu | NR | mussu | *mosVsu | musu | musu | mussu | NR | mussu | *mosVsu | musu | *mosVso | *mosiro | musiro2 |
次行 | | | hamiɕiro (rare) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
310
⬢strength | *taya | tɕikara | tɕikara | | | | tɕikara | tɕikara | tɕikara | tɕikara | tɕikara | tɕikara | tɕikara | | te: | tɕikjara | cikjara | strength | Osada & Suyama 1977: 188 | gaa | strength | Uwano 2017b: 218 | tjaa | strength | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 343 | tee | strength, resistance | Nakasone 1983: 300 | tɕikaːra | tee | strength | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 514 | tsɨkara (recent) | | ɕikara | taya | taya | taya | taya | taya | *taya | taya: | NR | NR | tsïkara | hikara | *taya | taya | *taya | *taya | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | teː | | | | taja | teː | taja | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
311
⬢string | *wo | himo | hibo | | | | hibo | hibo | himo | hibo | hibo | himo | himo | | Ɂu: | himu | joma / iiro | string | Osada & Suyama 1977: 457, 458 | uu | string | Uwano 1977: 4 | huu | string | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 486 | uu | string | Nakasone 1983: 55 | | uu | string | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 578 | | | | bu: | bu: | bu: | bu: | bu: | *bu: | bu: | bu: | bu: | bu: | bu: | *bu: | bu: | *wo: | *wo: | wo |
次行 | | joma (big, strong kind) | | | | | | joma (a linen cord) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wuː | | | | buː | buː | buː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
312
⬢sugar | NA | sato | satoː | | | | sato | satoː | satoː | satoː | satoː | sato | satoː | | sa:ta: | sata | satha | sugar | Osada & Suyama 1977: 332 | sjaata | sugar | Uwano 2017b: 237 | sata | sugar | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 218 | saatɁaa | sugar | Nakasone 1983: 157 | saːtaː | saataa | sugar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 452 | sata | ɕata | sata | sata | sata | sata | sata | ʃata | *sata | satta: | sata | sata | sïtta | satta | *sata | sata | *sata | *sata | NR | Shortened form of Sino-Japanese satau, first attested
313
⬢sugar cane | NR | satokiʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | u:zi | | ugi | sugar cane | Osada & Suyama 1977: 705 | ugii | sugar cane | Uwano 2018b: 143 | hugi | sugar cane | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 491 | uzii | sugar cane | Nakasone 1983: 62 | | uuzi | sugar cane | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 580 | | | | bu:gï | sïddza | bu:dzï | NR | sïzzya | *siza / bugi | sïdza | ʃindza | amasïna | ʃindȝa | ʃira | *siza | amada | *siza | *siza / amaza | NR | Not native to Japan
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | buːgzɨ | buːgzɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
314
⬢summer | *natu- | naʔ | naːtsu | | | | natsu | natsu | natu | natsu | natsu | natsu | natsu | | natʃi | natsɨ | nacï | summer | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 114 | nacɨɨ | summer | Uwano 2017a: 146 | naci | summer | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 381 | nacii | summer | Nakasone 1983: 335 | natɕi | naci | summer | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 402 | natsɨ | natsɨ | natɕi | natsï | natsï | natsï | natsï | natsï | *nati | natsï | natʃi | natsï | natsï | natʃi | *natu | naci | *natu | *natu | natu |
315
⬢sun | *pi | ohisaː | hidon ~ ohisama | | | | ohisama | hi ~ ohisan | ohisan | ohisama | hi | ohisan | hi ~ ohisan | | tida / ti:da | | theda | sun | Osada & Suyama 1977: 883 | tɨɨda | sun | Uwano 2017b: 218 | tida | sun | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 338 | tidaa | sun | Nakasone 1983: 297 | | tiida | sun | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 518 | | | | tida | tida | tida | tita | tida | *teda | tida | tida | ʃina | tsinda | tida | *teda | tidaŋ | *teda | *teda | pi1 |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | otentoːsan | tentoːsan | | | | | tɨda | | | | | | | | | | | | | tira | | | | tida | tida | tida | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | nittensama (archaic, reverent) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | taijoː (new) | | | taijoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
316
⬢sweat | *ase | ase | ase | | | | aɕe | aɕe | aɕe | aɕe | aɕe | aɕe | aɕe | | Ɂasi | ʔaɕe | Ɂasï | sweat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 183 | Ɂasɨɨ | sweat | Uwano 2017a: 151 | asi | sweat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 24 | hasii | sweat (n) | Nakasone 1983: 384 | ʔaɕiː | Ɂasi | sweat (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 124 | aɕi | aɕi | aɕi | aʃi | aʃi | aʃi | aʃi | aʃi | *ase | aʃi | aʃi | aʃi | aʃi | aʃi | *ase | aʃi | *ase | *ase | ase |
317
⬢swell, vi | *pukor- | haruʔ | haruru | | | | haruru | NR | haruru | hareru | haruʔ | haruʔ | haruʔ | | hukkwiyuN | harərjun | hukurïruri | swell (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 254 | hukkwɨjuN | swell (vi) | Uwano 1977: 26 | pukurjuN | swell (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 495 | pukkʔiN | swell (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 483 | | hukkwijuN | swell (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 220 | pariz | | parirun | fukuiï | fukuramasï | hukuri: | fukurim | fukuril | *fukur- | fukuriŋ | pukhuruŋ | fukuraŋ | fukuriruŋ | hukuriruŋ | *pukor- | kkuriruŋ | *pukor- | *pukor- | pukur- |
次行 | | mukun | | | | | mukabaruru | | | | | mukumu | mukumu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mukumun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fukkin | | | | fukuriz | fukuril | fukurun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
318
⬢swim | *oyog- | ojoʔ ~ oeʔ | odʑigu | | | | oegu | ojegu | ojogu | ojogu | ojogu | ojon | ojogu | | Ɂwi:zuN / wuiȝuN | ʔugjun | Ɂwïïguri | swim | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 252 | ɁwɨɨgjuN | swim | Uwano 2018a: 320 | uigjuN | swim | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 83 | ʔuizuN | swim | Nakasone 1983: 53 | ʔuigun | ɁwiizjuN | swim (v) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 586 | ujugzɨ | uigɨ | uːn | uyugï | u:dzï | u:dzï | uyukïm | uigï | *uyug- | uŋ / umuŋ | u:ŋ | uŋ | ui | u:mi | *uyug- | uNguŋ | *uyug- | *uyug- | NR | oyog- first attested in Harima fudoki, so perhaps mid to late Nara
319
⬢sword | *katana / *tati | | | | | | | | | | | | | | katana / tatʃi | | khatana | sword | Osada & Suyama 1977: 462 | kataana | sword | Uwano 2017a: 152 | hatana | sword, kitchen knife | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 427 | (i) tacii (ii) hataana | (i) sword (ii) hatchet | Nakasone 1983: 229, 388 | | katana / taci | sword | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 314, 503 | | | | katana | katana | katana | katana | katana | *katana | katana / tatsï | NR | katana | katana: | katana | *katana | katana | *katana / *tati | *katana / *tati | katana / tati |
320
⬢tail | *wo | ɕiːbo | ɕiːbo | | | | ɕirippo | ɕiribo | ɕirio | ɕirippo ~ ɕippo | ɕippo (mammal's tail) | | ɕippo | | dȝu: | | zubu | tail | Osada & Suyama 1977: 833 | zjuu | tail | Uwano 2017b: 214 | duu | tail | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 349 | zuu | tail | Nakasone 1983: 272 | | zjuu | tail | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 606 | | | | dzu: | dzu: | dȝu: | tu: | dȝu: | *zu: | zu: | zu: | busupu | bu: | busa | *zu: / *wo: | duNpani | *yu | *yu: / *wo: | wo |
次行 | | | | | | | | | o | | o (bird's tail) | oppo | o ~ oppo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dʑubuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | dʑuː | | | | dzuː | dʑuː | dzuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
321
⬢taste | *adi | aʔ | aːdʑi | | | | adʑi | aʑi | aʑi | adʑi | adʑi | adʑi | adʑi | | Ɂaȝi | ʔadzɨ | Ɂazi | taste | Osada & Suyama 1977: 329 | Ɂazɨɨ | taste | Lawrence & Okamura 2009: 178 | azi | taste | electronic version of Kiku & Takahashi 2005 | ʔazii / ʔazee | taste (n) | Nakasone 1983: 9 | ʔadʑi | Ɂazi | taste (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 129 | adzɨ | adzɨ | adʑi | adzï | adzï | adzï | ampai/ akï | adzï | *azi | adzï | adzï | adzï | antsu | aȝi | *azï | adi | *azï | *azï | adi |
322
⬢thief | *nusumipitə | nuɕito ~ nuhitogoro | nihitoɕiː | | | | | | nuɕito | | | | | | nusudu | nuɕidomun | nusïdo | thief | Osada & Suyama 1977: 672 | nɨsɨtuu | thief | pc | nusudu | thief | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 402 | nusiduu | thief | Nakasone 1983: 358 | | nusudu | thief | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 427 | | | | nusïtu | nusïdu | nusudu | mustu | nusïdu | *nusudo | nusïturï | NR | nusïturï | nusïturu | nuʃitu | *nusitori | nusitu | *nusïto(ri) | *nusïto(ri) | nusubi1to2 |
次行 | | nusuto | | | | | nusuto | nusudo | | nusuto ~ nusutto | nusuto | | nusutto | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nusuːru | | | | nusɨtu | nusɨdu | nuɕituru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the Koshiki form is a nominalization of the structure 'thief + LV [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | doroboː | doroboː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
323
⬢thin (weak) | *pis- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pissaN / hwissaN | hisɨɕan | hissari | thin | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 146 | hwɨsɨɨhaN | thin | Uwano 1977: 27 | (i) ususaN (ii) pissaN | (i) pale (colour), weak (flavour) (ii) thin | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 99, 471 | pʔisseN / pisiseN | thin, lacking in density | Nakasone 1983: 444 | piɕɕen | hwissaN | thin, lacking in density | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 238 | pssɨkaz | pɨssaːl | pisan | pïsïkaï | pïsïkal | ssukai | pïsï | pissa:l | *pisikar- | pïssa:ŋ | pssaru | pïsahaŋ | pïssa:nu | pissasaŋ | *pisa- | picaŋ | *pis- | *pis- | NR |
次行 | | uɕi | usuka | | | | usi | usuka | uswiː | usuka | usuka | ukka | usuka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔusuɕen | | | | usɨkaz | ussaːl | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | afaɕɕen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sɨgaɕan (about taste, especially beverages) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ikjarakaz (about taste) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
324
⬢thing | *mənə | mono | mono | | | | mono | mono | mono | mono | mono | mono | mono | | munu / muN | mun | muN | thing; food | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 524 | muN | thing; food | Uwano 2018b: 148 | munu / muN | thing | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 576, 582 | munuu / muN | thing | Nakasone 1983: 556 | mun | muN | thing | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 390 | munu | munu | munu | munu | munu | munu | munu | munu | *mono | munu | munu | munu | munu | munu | *mono | munu | *mono | *mono | mo2no2 |
325
⬢thorn | NA | ige | ige | | | | | ige | | ige | ige | | | | Nzi | nigi | nigi | thorn | Osada & Suyama 1977: 787 | Ngɨɨ | thorn | Uwano 2018b: 151 | nigi | thorn | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 391 | zii | thorn | Nakasone 1983: 246 | ngi | Nzi | thorn | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 438 | | ngi | ngi | saruka | saruka | NR | NR | saruka / ŋgi | *saroka | ŋgi | ŋgi | NR | NR | ŋgi | *tuge | Ngi | *tuge | *tuge / *saruka | NR | toge is attested in Edo era
次行 | | | | | | | kwi | | kwiː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | toge | toge | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tugja | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | idʑa (thorns on a tree) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
326
⬢thread | *eto | ito | ito | | | | ito | ito | ito | ito | ito | ito | ito | | Ɂi:tʃu: | ʔiɕo | Ɂito | thread | Osada & Suyama 1977: 272 | Ɂicjuu | thread | Uwano 2017a: 150 | iccjuu | thread | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 71 | hicuu | thread | Nakasone 1983: 439 | ʔiːtɕuː | Ɂiicjuu | thread (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 250 | itsu(ː) | itu | itu | itu 'silk thread' | itu 'silk thread' | itu 'silk thread' | itu 'silk thread' | itu 'silk thread' | *eto | itu | NR | itu | nuitʃu | i:tu | *eto | nuimi / itu- | *eto | *eto | ito | Final vowel unclear
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nuːʑʑuː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
327
⬢thresh (rice) | data too varied | inekoʔ | inekogi | | | | injekogi | | inekogi | inekogi | inekoki | inekoʔ | inekoki | | kuruma-bo: "threshing stick" | | | | | | | | sjaagjuN | polish (rice) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 255 | siraagiN | polish (rice) | Nakasone 1983: 196 | | siragijuN | polish (rice) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 482 | | | | NR | NR | NR | NR | sïsabï | *sisab- | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NguruN | *sisab- / *kurum- | data too varied | NR |
次行 | | | semba | | | | ɕemba (rice thresher) | ɕemba (also meaning 'rice thresher') | ɕemba (rice thresher) | ɕemba (rice thresher) | ɕemba (rice thresher) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | konnoː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | Komorokata sugui 'to peel straws' (?) (藁の袴を取る); Hedo sɨgɨ 'to drag, to pull' [AJ] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | nʔisɨgi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sɨv | | mai saun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Komorokata sugui 'to peel straws' (?) (藁の袴を取る); Hedo sɨgɨ 'to drag, to pull' [AJ]
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ~ katsɨ (mugzɨkatsɨ, aːkatsɨ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
328
⬢throw | *nanka- | naguʔ | naguru | | | | naguru | naguru | naguru | naguru | naguʔ | naguː ~ naguʔ | naguru ~ naguʔ | | nagiyuN | nagjun | nagïruri | throw | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 333 | nagɨjuN | throw | Uwano 1977: 21 | nagjuN | throw | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 379 | nagiruN | throw | Nakasone 1983: 333 | nagiːn | nagijuN | throw (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 405 | nagiz | | nangun | nagiï | nagil | NR | yaŋkim | yari: | *nager- / *yar- | naŋgiŋ | naŋguŋ | naŋgiruŋ | nankiruŋ | baŋkasuŋ | *naNger- | naNgiruŋ | *nager- | *nager- | nage2- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | hotaru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tiv | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
329
⬢thunder | *kaminari | kannare ~ kannaredon ~ kannaresaa | kaminai | | | | kaminarisama | kaminari | kaminari | kaminari ~ kaminarisan | | kaminaʔ | kaminari | | hannami / kaNnai | kannari | khaNnari | thunder | Osada & Suyama 1977: 892 | naikami | thunder | Uwano 2018b: 142 | haNjai | thunder | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 455 | kaNnamii | thunder | Nakasone 1983: 112 | kannai | kaNnai | thunder | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 308 | kannaz ~ kamnaz | kamnal | kannaːru | kannaï | kamnal | kamnai | kamnaï | kamnal | *kamVnari | kannarï | kannari | kannarï | kannari | kanne | *kaNVnari | kaNnari | *kamVnari | *kamVnari | kaminari | vowels are unclear
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | narakami | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kamtujum | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | ereki | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | goronsama ~ gorogorosama (child language) | gorogorosan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
330
⬢tide | *sipo | ɕio | ɕijo | | | | ɕiwo | ɕijo | ɕijo | ɕio | ɕio | ɕio | ɕio | | syu: | ʔuɕu | sjuu-nu micihiri | tide | Osada & Suyama 1977: 018 | sjuu | tide | Uwano 2017b: 224 | sjuu | tide | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 258 | suu / husuu | tide | Nakasone 1983: 201 | ʔusuː | sjuu | tide | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 492 | suː | ɕuː | suː | su: | su: | su: | su: | ʃu: | *siu: | su: | su: | su: | su: | ʃu: | *siu: | su: | *sio: | *sio | sipo |
331
⬢tie, bind together | *mosunp- | musuʔ (belt, sash) | musubu | | | | musubu (belt, sash) | musubu | musubu (belt, sash) | musubu | musubu | musun | musubu | | muʃibuN | | musuburi / kubiruri | tie (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 256, 257 | kʔuijuN | tie (vt) | Uwano 1977: 23 | musubjuN | tie (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 570 | kʔuNbiN / musuubiN | tie, bind together | Nakasone 1983: 148, 552 | | musubuN | tie | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 396 | | musɨbɨ | musubun | ʃimiï | ʃimil | NR | NR | sïmina: "tied rope" | *simer- | musubuŋ | musubuŋ | musupuŋ | NR | gusubi | *mosub- | muNbuŋ | *mosub- | *mosub- | musub- |
次行 | | kibiʔ ~ kubiʔ | | | | | | kubiru (rope, cord, thread etc.) | kubiru | kubiru (cord, a pile) ~ kibiru (Munakata district) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kumbun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | juː (a bundle) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | makjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sɨmaz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
332
⬢tie down | *simpar- | kibiʔ | kibiru | | | | kubiru | kubiru | kubiru | kibiru (to tie) ~ kubiru (to tie down) | kubiː | | | | sibayuN | | sibaruri | tie up | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 345 | kʔuijuN | tie up | pc | kukkubjuN | tie up | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 187 | karaamiN | tie up | Nakasone 1983: 109 | kumbun | juujuN | tie up | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 295 | fuddzɨ | | fubarun | sïmaï | | sïmai | sïmaïm | sïmal | *simar- | samaruŋ | NR | samaruŋ | samaruŋ | NR | *samar- | NR | *sǝmar- | ? | sibar- |
次行 | | | ɕibaru | | | | | ɕibaru (less used) | ɕibaru | | | ɕibaː ~ ɕibaʔ | ɕibaru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sɨmaz | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | makjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | juːjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | maruksɨ | malksɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
333
⬢time | *təki | toʔ | toki | | | | toki | toki | toki | toki | toki | toʔ | toki | | tutʃi | tukɨ | thuki | time | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 115 | ui | time | Uwano 1977: 32 | hui | time | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 482 | tucii | time | Nakasone 1983: 313 | | tuci | time | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 525 | tukja | tuksɨ | | tukï / tukya | tukya | tutsï / tukya | NR | tukï | *toki | tukï | tuki | tukï | NR | tuki | *toki | tuti | *toki | *toki | to2ki1 |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | piːn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dʑibun | | | | dʑikan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
334
⬢toilet | NA | bendʑo | | | | | | | | bendʑo | | bendʑo | bendʑo | | huru | | juuziN / manakha | toilet | Osada & Suyama 1977: 394 | benzjo / sjɨNcɨN | toilet | Uwano 2017b: 218 | puru | toilet | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 511 | puru | toilet | Nakasone 1983: 497 | bendʑo | huru | toilet | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 221 | | bendʑo | | fuï | ful | fui | fuï | ful | *furi | furya | NR | furu | fo:rya | fu:rya | *purïya | furuya: | *purïya | *purï | kapaya | different words
次行 | | tsuddokoi (archaic) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | kanʑe | | | | kanʑo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | tɕodzuba | tɕodzudokoro | | tɕoːdzuba | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | kusogoja | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | settɕin | | ɕentɕin | hettɕin (old) ~ ɕettɕin (older still) | ɕettɕin | | settɕin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | furu | | | | fuz | ful | furu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | juːdzɨn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | habakari | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | onke | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
335
⬢tomorrow | *atVsa- | aɕita | ahita | | | | aɕite | aɕita | aɕita | aɕita | aɕita | ahita | aɕita | | Ɂatʃa: | ʔaɕa | Ɂachja | morning | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 107 | Ɂacjaa | morning | Uwano 2017b: 224 | accjaa | tomorrow | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 31 | hacaa | tomorrow | Nakasone 1983: 399 | ʔattɕaː | Ɂacja | tomorrow | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 101 | atsa | ata | atsa | atsa | atsa | atʃa | ata | ata | *atVsa | attsa | attsa | attsa | atsa | attʃa | *atVsa | atta: | atVsa | *atVsa | asu |
336
⬢tool | NA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | do:gu | | doogu | tool | Osada & Suyama 1977: 443 | doogu | tool | Okamura et al 2006: [0501] | doogu | tool | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 419 (in entry for hakugu) | doogu | tool | Nakasone 1983: 322 | | doogu | tool | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 178 | | | | dau | do:v /da:v | dau | tafu | dau: | *daugu | do:ŋgu | NR | da:gu | dongu | doŋgu | *daugu | duNŋu | *daugu | *daugu | NR | Sino-Japanese daugu is attested
337
⬢tooth | *pa | ha | ha | | | | ha | ha | ha | ha | ha | ha | | | pa: / ha: | ha | hwa | tooth | Osada & Suyama 1977: 148 | haa | tooth | Uwano 2017b: 214 | paa | tooth | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 410 | paa | tooth | Nakasone 1983: 369 | faː | haa | tooth | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 197 | paː | paː | paː | pa: | pa: | pa: | pa: | pa: | *pa: | pa: | pa: | paŋ | pa: | pa: | *pa: | ha: | *pa: | *pa: | pa |
338
⬢trap | *wana | wana | ana | | | | wana | wana | wana | wana | bana | NR | wana | | wana: | waːnja | jama | contraption, snare | Osada & Suyama 1977: 723 | wanaa | trap | Uwano 2018b: 155 | jama | contraption, snare | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 601 | jamaa | contraption, snare | Nakasone 1983: 580 | | | | | bana | | wana (recent, loan) | bana | bana | bana | bana | bana | *bana | bana / ba:na: | bana | bada | bana | bana | *bana | NR | *wana | *wana | wana |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jama | | | | | weːdajama (mouse trap) | jama | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
339
⬢trip wire, trap | *ya:ma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ya:ma | | go | contraption, snare | Osada & Suyama 1977: 723 | Ɂutuusɨ | trap | pc | jama | contraption, snare | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 601 | jamaa | contraption, snare | Nakasone 1983: 580 | | jaama | contraption, snare | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 271 | | | | yama | yama | yama | NR | yama | *yama | yama | yama | yama | NR | NR | *yama | dama | *yama | *ya:ma | NR |
340
⬢tree | *kəi | ki | ki | | | | ki | ki | ki | ki | ki | ki | ki | | ki: | kɨ | khï(ï) | tree, wood | Osada & Suyama 1977: 783 | kɨɨ | tree | Uwano 2017b: 213 | hii | tree, wood | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 455 | kii | tree, wood | Nakasone 1983: 113 | kiː | kii | tree, wood | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 320 | kiː | kiː | kiː | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | *ke: | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | *ke: | ki: | *ke: | *ke: | ki2 |
341
⬢tub | *wokai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | u:ki | | wïhï | tub | Osada & Suyama 1977: 455 | wɨɨ | tub | Uwano 2018b: 145 | hui | tub | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 482 | hukʔi | bucket, tub | Nakasone 1983: 461 | | uuki | tub | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 579 | | | | u:ki | u:ki | furu:ki | NR | gu:ki | *u:ke | u:ki | u:ki | uki | o:ge: | bu:ki | *wo:ke | vu:gi > ugi | *wo:ke | *wo:ke | woke2 |
342
⬢turn about | *mapar- | maːʔ | maaru | | | | mawaru | mawaru | mawaru ~ mau | maːru ~ mawaru | mawaː | mawaː ~ mawaʔ | mawaru | | ma:ruN / ma:yuN | maːrjun | mooruri | rotate (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 248 | moojuN | rotate (vi) | Okamura 2007: 15 | moojuN | rotate (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 588 | maaruN | rotate (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 513 | mawain | maajuN | rotate (vi) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 354 | maːz | maːl | maːrun | ma:ï | ma:l | ma:i | ma:ïm | ma:l | *ma:r- | ma:ruŋ | NR | ma:ruŋ | ma:ruŋ | ma:ruŋ | *ma:r- | mariruŋ | *ma:r- | *maCar- | NR | mafar- is attested in Heian
343
⬢turtle | *kamai | kame | game | | | | kame | kame | kame | game | game | kame | kame | | ka:mi: | kami | khamï | turtle | Osada & Suyama 1977: 855 | kamɨɨ | turtle | Uwano 2018b: 142 | hami | turtle | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 444 | haamii | turtle | Nakasone 1983: 373 | haːmiː | kaamii | turtle | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 298 | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | NR | kami | *kame | kami | kami | kami | kami | kami | *kame | kami | *kame | *kame | kame2 |
344
⬢umbrella | *kasa | kasa | kasa | | | | kasa | kasa | kasa | kasa | kasa | kasa | kasa | | kasa | dangaɕa | khasa | umbrella | Osada & Suyama 1977: 248 | kasjaa | umbrella | Uwano 2018a: 304 | hasa | umbrella, parasol | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 420 | hasaa | umbrella, parasol | Nakasone 1983: 382 | hasaː | kasa | umbrella | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 311 | | | dangaɕa (western-style umbrella) | sana | sana | sana | sana | ʃana | *sana | sana | sana | sana | NR | NR | *sana | sana | *sana | *sana / *kasa | kasa | Unique to Ryukyuan
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sana | ɕana | sana | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
345
⬢urinate | *mar- | | | | | | baru | | baru | maru | | | | | si:baisuN | sɨbari ɕun | sibari-sjuri | urinate | Osada & Suyama 1977: 165 | sɨbai sjuN | urinate | pc | siibai-sjuN | urinate | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 617 (entry for junaajunaa) | subee-suN | urinate | Nakasone 1983: 206 | subeːsun | siibai-suN | urinate | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 469 | juspaz ~ juspazza sɨː | sɨbal sɨː | ɕibaru sun | sïbaï | sïbal | sïbai | yusïpaï | sïbal | *sibar- | sïbarï | ʃibaru | sïparï | isïpe: | ʃi:ruŋ | *sibar- | Nbai | *sibar- | *sibar- | yumar- |
次行 | | | | | | | | hiru | | | | NR | NR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | furu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | tataru | | tataru | tareː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | ɕibenno suʔ | ɕiːben suru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
346
⬢use | *tukap- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sikaruN | | cïkauri | use (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 159 | cɨkojuN | use (vt) | Uwano 1977: 22 | cikeN | use (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 309 | sikʔeN | use (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 179 | | cikajuN | use | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 150 | | | | tsïkai | tsïkai | | kïkaïm | tsïkai | *tika- | tsïko:ŋ | NR | sukoŋ | tsïkai | hikkoŋ | *tuka- | k'uŋ | *tuka- | *tuka- | tukap- |
347　　　↓　語順不正。vo が vi の前にある。
⬢vomit | *pak- | | haku | | | | haku (refined) | haku | haku | haku | haku | haku | | | hatʃuN | hakjun | hakhuri | vomit (v) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 327 | hakjuN | vomit (v) | Uwano 1977: 19 | pakjuN | vomit (v) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 419 | pacuN | vomit (v) | Nakasone 1983: 403 | fakun | hacjuN | vomit (v) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 199 | paksɨ | paksɨ | pakun | pakï | pafu | hafu | pakïm | pakï | *pak- | fakuŋ | po:khuŋ | pakuŋ | pakuŋ | poŋ | *pak- | haguŋ | *pak- | pak- | pak- |
次行 | | aguʔ | aguru | | | | | | | ageru | aguʔ | aguʔ (new) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔagin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | edzuku (rare, archaic; coarse) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | tabaku (about animals) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | tosu | tosu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
348
⬢village | *mora- | mura | mura | | | | mura | mura | mura | mura | mura | mura | mura | | mura / sima | mura | mora / sima | village | Osada & Suyama 1977: 616, 624 | muraa | village | Uwano 2017a: 146 | mura | village | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 581 | muraa / simaa | village | Nakasone 1983: 192, 559 | mura | mura / sima | village | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 394, 474 | mura | mura | mura | mura / sïma | mura / sïma | mura | mura | mura / sïma | *mora / *sima | mura / sïma | mura | mura | mura | mura | *mora / *sima | mura | *mora | *mora / *sima | *mura |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sɨma (rare) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sɨma | sɨma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | para ~ parijaː (a rural settlement) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
349
⬢vine | *turu | tsuru | | | | | tsuru | | turu | tsuː | tsuru | tsuru | tsuru | | kaNda / hanȝa | tsˀɨru | khazïra | vine | Osada & Suyama 1977: 802 | kaNzja | vine | Uwano 2017b: 230 | (i) ciru (ii) tii | (i) handle, string (on musical instrument), vine (ii) hand, vine | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 329, 332 | haNza | vine | Nakasone 1983: 420 | tɕiru | kaNda | vine | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 307 | tsɨru | maksɨdzɨru | | tsïru | NR | tsïru | NR | ke:m | *tiru | abiru | NR | kuru | kanza / tʃiru | NR | *turu / kaza | c'iruN | *turu / *kaza | *turu / *kaza | turu |
次行 | | tsura (of potatoes) | tsura | | | | | tsura | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kadza | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
350
⬢vinegar | *sï | su | su | | | | su | suː | su | su | su | su | su | | ʃi: / hweei | sɨː (Koniya, Saneku, Sumiyō) | sïï | vinegar | Osada & Suyama 1977: 332 | hoi / hwëi | vinegar | Uwano 2017b: 213 | pee | vinegar | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 514 | ʔamaazaki / sii / pee | vinegar | Nakasone 1983: 19, 170, 502 | | sii / hweei | vinegar | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 227, 468 | sɨː | sɨː | | sï: | sï: | sï: | sï: | sï: | *si: | sï: / pairï | pairï | sï: / pe:ru | NR | NR | *si / *pairu | hairi | *si / *pairu | *si: / *pairu | NR | su is first attested in Nara era documents
次行 | | aman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | amami | | | | | | | | | | | | | amadʑaki | | | | | peːl | peːru ~ pairu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | feri (Kominato) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
351
⬢wake up, (get up), vi | *oki | okiʔ | okiru | | | | okuru | okiru | okuru | okiru | okiː | okiʔ | okiru | | ɁukiyuN | hɨrjun | hwïïruri | wake up, get up | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 288 | ɁwɨɨjuN | wake up, get up | Uwano 1977: 20 | uijuN | wake up, get up | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 87 | hukʔiruN | wake up, get up | Nakasone 1983: 462 | ʔukin | ɁukijuN | wake up, get up | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 550 | ukiz | ukil | ukirun | ukiï | ukil | NR | ukim | uki: | *uker- | ukiruŋ | ukiruŋ | ugiruŋ | ukiruŋ | fuiruŋ | *uker- | ugiruŋ | *uker- | *uker- | oki- |
352
⬢warm | *nuku- | nuki | nukka | | | | nukwi | nukka | nukwi | nukka | nukka | nukka | | | nukusaN | nukuɕan | nukusari | warm (adj) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 161 | nukoohai | warm (adj) | Okamura et al 2006: [1373] | nukusaN | warm (adj) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 401 | nukʔuseN | warm (adj) | Nakasone 1983: 358 | nukuɕen | nukusaN | warm (adj) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 425 | nufukaz | nufuɕaːl | nussan | nufukaï | ŋfukam | ŋfukai | nufukam | nufuʃa:l | *nufukar- | nussa:ŋ / nukuho:ŋ | nussa:ŋ | no:sahaŋ | nukoha:ŋ | nussasu: | *nuk- | nucaŋ | *nuku- | *nuku- | NR | nukus- is first attested in Heian-era Myogoki
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | atataka | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
353
⬢wash | *arap- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ɁararuN / ɁarayuN | | Ɂarauri | wash | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 350 | ɁarojuN | wash | Uwano 2018a: 303 | areN | wash | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 45 | ʔareN | wash (v) | Nakasone 1983: 240 | ʔarajun | ɁarajuN | wash (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 121 | aroː | aruː | | aro: | arau | arai | araum | aru: | *ara- | a:ro:ŋ | arauŋ | arasuŋ | a:rafuŋ | aroŋ | *araw- | aruŋ | *araw- | *araw- | arap- |
354
⬢washtub | *tarapi | tare | tarjaː | | | | tare | tarjaː | tarai | tarai | tarjaː | tarai | tarai | | ta:re: | bindarəː | | | | biNdaree | portable washtub | pc | taree | washtub | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 296 | taree | washtub | Nakasone 1983: 240 | taːreː | haNziri | washtub | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 206 | taraz | tarai | tarai | taraï | taraï | tarai | | tarai | *tarai | tarai | tarai | tare: | tare: | tarai | *tarai | tarai | *tarai | *tarai | NR | tarapi is first attested in early Heian
355
⬢water | *mentu | miʔ | mizu | | | | mizu | mizu | mizu | midzu | midzu | min | midzu | | miȝi | mɨdzɨ | mïzï | water | Osada & Suyama 1977: 907 | mɨzɨɨ | water | Uwano 2017a: 145 | mizi | water | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 553 | mizii | water | Nakasone 1983: 539 | midʑi | mizi | water | Okinawago Jiten 1966; 383 | midzɨ | midzɨ | midʑi | midzï | midzï | midzï | mikï | midzï | *mezi | midzï | midzi | midzï | mintsu | midȝi | *mezi | miŋ | *medu | *medu | mi1du |
356
⬢water, vi | *medu- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mizi-kakiyuN | | mïzï-kheheruri | water (vi) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 268-9 | mɨzɨɨ-këëjuN | water (vi) | pc | mizi-ukkeejuN | water (vi) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 105 | mizii-hicaakʔin | water (vi) | Nakasane誤 1983: 539 | | mizi-kakijuN | water (v) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 302 | | | | midzï-kakï | NR | NR | NR | midzï-kakil | *mezi-kake | midzï-makï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *mezi-mak- | NR | *mezi-mak- | *medu- | NR |
357
⬢wear, vt | *kir- | kiʔ | kiru | | | | kiru | kiru | kiru | kiru | kiː | kiʔ | kiʔ ~ kiru | | ciyuN / cirumuN | kˀirjun | kiruri | put on (clothes) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 351 | kɁijuN | put on (clothes) | Uwano 1977: 17 | kjuN | put on (clothes) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 170 | cuN | put on (clothes) | Nakasone 1983: 279 | kiːn | cijuN | put on (clothes) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 150 | kssɨ | kiːl | kisun | kïsi | tsï: | tsi: | kï: | ki:l | *kir- | kïsï | kisuŋ | sïŋ | kïsïŋ | sisuŋ | *kis- | ccuŋ | *kir- | *kir- | ki1r- |
358
⬢weave, vt. | *or- | oʔ | oru | | | | oru | oru | oru | oru | oː | oː ~ oʔ | oru | | ɁuyuN | ʔurjun | Ɂururi | weave | Osada & Suyama 1977: 288 | ɁujuN | weave | Uwano 1977: 18 | ujuN | weave | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 121 | ʔuN | weave (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 80 | NA | ɁujuN | weave (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 548 | uz | ul | urun | uï | ul | NR | uïm | uri: | *ur- | uruŋ | NR | uruŋ | uruŋ | uruŋ | *ur- | uruŋ | *ur- | *ur- | or- |
359
⬢wedge | *kusabi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kusabi | | khuNzi / kusabi | wedge | Osada & Suyama 1977: 381, 427 | NR | | Uwano 2017b: 236 | ija | wedge | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 76 | kusaabi | wedge | Nakasone 1983: 124 | | kusabi | wedge | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 340 | | | | fusabï | fusabï | NR | | fuʃabï | *fusabi | fusabï | NR | NR | NR | NR | *kusabi | c'abi | *kusabi | *kusabi | kusabi | final vowel unclear
360
⬢weigh, measure, vt | *pakar- | hakaʔ | hakaru | | | | hakaru | hakaru | hakaru | hakaru | hakaː | hakaʔ ~ hakaː | hakaru | | hakayuN | haːrjun | (i) kiNme-haharuri (ii) sjakuthuri-sjuri | (i) weigh (ii) measure length | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 217 | haajuN | weigh, measure | Uwano 1977: 25 | paajuN | weigh, measure | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 412 | paaruN / pakʔaaruN | weigh, measure | Nakasone 1983: 375, 379 | fakain | hakajuN | weigh, measure | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 202 | pakaz | pakal | pakarun | pakaiï | pakal | NR | pakaïm | pakal | *pakar- | pakaruŋ | NR | hakiruŋ | pakaruŋ | pa:ruŋ | *pakar- | hagaruŋ | *pakar- | *pakar- | pakar- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kəːrjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
361
⬢west | *erï | niɕ | niɕi ~ niːɕi | | | | niɕi | niɕi | niɕi | niɕi | niɕinhoː | niɕi | niɕi | | iri | | nisi | west | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 140 | Ɂirɨɨ | west | Uwano 2018b: 150 | ii | west | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 48 | ʔirii | west | Nakasone 1983: 47 | | Ɂiri | west | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 258 | | | | iï | il | i: | iï | il | *eri | irï | i:ru | irï / iri | irï | iru | *erï | iri | *erï | *erï | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔiri | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔiri | | | | iz | il | in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
362
⬢whale | *kuntira | kudʑira | kuʑira | | | | kuʑira | kuʑira | kuʑira | kudʑira | kudʑira | kuira | kudʑira | | guzira | kʔudʑira | kuzira | whale | Osada & Suyama 1977: 844 | guNzja | whale | Uwano 1977: 16 | guuzjaa | whale | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 176 | guNza | whale | Nakasone 1983: 147 | gudʑa | guzira | whale | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 196 | fuddza | fuddʑa | kudʑira | fudza | NR | NR | fukïʃɛ | fuddȝa | *fuziza | futtsa | furudza | guzïra | fundza | fuȝira | *kuzira | kudira | *kuzira | *kuzira | kudira |
363
⬢wheat | *monki | komuʔ | komugi | | | | komugi | komugi | komugi | komugi | komugi | komun | komugi | | muzi | kumugi (Koniya) | mugi | wheat | Osada & Suyama 1977: 794 | mugii | wheat | Uwano 2018a: 303 | mugi | wheat | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 568 | muzii | wheat | Nakasone 1983: 552 | naːmugi | muzi | wheat | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 398 | nnamugzɨ | nnamugɨ ~ mnamugɨ | mun | mugï | mugï | mudzï | mukï | mugï | *mogi | muŋ | muŋ | muŋ | mui | muŋ | *mogi | muŋ | *mogi | *mogi | mugi1 | Kikai injamuni, Yoron injamugi [AJ]
364
⬢whet, vt. | *tog- | toʔ | togu | | | | togu | togu | togu | togu | togu | togu | togu | | NR | tugjuri | thuguri | sharpen (vt) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 463 | tugjuN | sharpen (vt) | Uwano 1977: 19 | tugjuN | sharpen (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 353 | tuzuN | sharpen (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 314 | tugun | tuzjuN | sharpen (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 535 | tugzɨ | tugɨ | tuːn | tugï | tuv | NR | tukïm | tugï | *tog- | tuguŋ / to:ŋ | NR | tuŋ | to:ŋ | tuŋ | *tog- | tuNguŋ | *tog- | *tog- | to1g- |
次行 | | kedzuʔ | | | | | | | | | kedzuʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
365
⬢white | *siro | ɕire | ɕiroka | | | | ɕiri | ɕiroka | ɕiriː | ɕiroka | ɕiroka | ɕiroka | ɕiroka | | siru: | sɨruɕan | siruɁiru | white (n) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 162 | sɨruɁiruu | white (n) | Uwano 2017a: 151 | sjuu | white (n) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 258 | siruu | white (n) | Nakasone 1983: 198 | ɕiruɕen | siru | white (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 483 | ssukaz | ssuɕaːl | ssoːn | ssu | ssu | ssu | ssu | ssu | *sisu | sïsu | sso:ŋ | ssa:sahaŋ | sïso:haŋ | ʃisusaŋ | *siru | ccu: | *siru | *siru | siro1 |
366
⬢wide | *pirə- | hire | hiroka | | | | hiri | hiroka | hiriː | hiroka | hiroka | hiroka | hiroka | | hwirusaN | hiruɕan | hirusari | wide | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 145 | hutëëhaN | wide | Uwano 1977: 28 | pjuusaN | wide | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 477 | pʔiruuseN | wide | Nakasone 1983: 452 | hiruɕen | hwirusaN | wide | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 240 | pssukaz | pssuɕaːl | pisoːn | pïsukaï | pïsukal | huikai | pïsukam | pïsuʃa:l | *pisukar- | pïsusa:ŋ | piso:ŋ | pisuhaŋ | pïsohaŋ | piʃusaŋ | *pisu- | tsuaŋ / hirusaŋ | *piru- | *piru- | pi1ro2- |
367
⬢wife | *tonsi | ukkata | | | | | | | | | | | | | tuzi | | thuzi | wife | Osada & Suyama 1977: 586 | tuzɨɨ | wife | Uwano 2018c: 141 | tuzi | wife | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 353 | tuzii | wife | Nakasone 1983: 313 | | tuzi | wife | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 534 | | | | tudzï | tudzï | tudzï | tukï | tudzï | *tozi | tudzï | tudzi | tuŋ | tuntsï | tudʒi | *tozï | tuŋ | *tozï | *tozï | to1zi |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tudzɨ | | | | | | | | | | | | | tudʑi | | | | tudzɨ | tudzɨ | tudʑi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | tsuma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | kanai | | | | | | NA | | | | kanai | kanai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | omjaː (other person's wife) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | oiganto (one's wife) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | utɕinkakaː (one's wife) | | kaka | kakaː | utɕino kaka (one's wife) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | utɕinjatsu (one's wife) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | ari | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | njoːboː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | gorjonsan (other person's wife, honorific) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
368
⬢wind | *kansai | kadze | kaze ~ kaʑe (archaic) | | | | kaze ~ kaʑe (archaic) | kaʑe | kaʑe | kadʑe | kadʑe | kadʑe | kadʑe | | kazi / haȝi | kadʑə | khaze | wind | Osada & Suyama 1977: 892 | kazjɨɨ | wind | Uwano 2018b: 150 | hadi | wind, typhoon | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 434 | hazii | wind, typhoon | Nakasone 1983: 393 | hadʑi | kazi | wind (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 316 | kadʑi | kadi | kadʑi | kadȝi | kadȝi | kadi | kati | kadȝi | *kaze | kadzi | khazi | katʃi | kanzyi | kadȝi | *kaze | kadi | *kaze | *kaze | kaze |
369
⬢winnowing basket | *məi | mi | mi (rare) | | | | | miː | miː | temiː | mi | NA | mi | | mi:zo:ki: | | saNbara | winnowing basket | Osada & Suyama 1977: 456 | haara | winnowing basket | Uwano 2018b: 143 | para | winnowing basket | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 446 | miizookʔii | winnowing basket | Nakasone 1983: 533 | muidʑoːkiː | miizjookii | winnowing basket | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 377 | muidzoːki | muidʑoːki | soːki | mui-zo:ki | mui | NR | NR | mui-zyo:ki | *moi-zo:ke | so:gi | so:ki | sogi | so:gi | soi | *so:ke | umui | *omoi | *moi-zo:ke | mi2 | *so:ke is attested in Nippo jiten
次行 | | | mizoːke | midzoːke | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | ton | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | sekumon | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sambara | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
370
⬢winter | *puyu | fui | fui ~ fuju | | | | fuju | fuju | fuju | fuju | fuju | fuju | fuju | | huyu | fuju | huju | winter | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 114 | hujuu | winter | Uwano 2018b: 150 | pui | winter | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 482 | pujuu | winter | Nakasone 1983: 495 | fuju | huju | winter | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 216 | fuju | fuju | fuju | fuyu | fuyu | fuyu | fuyu | fuyu | *fuyu | fuyu | fuyu | ffi | fui | fuyu | *puyu | huyu | *puyu | *puyu | puyu |
371
⬢wipe up, vt | *puk- | fuʔ | fuku (new) | | | | | | fuku | fuku | fuku | fuʔ | fuku | | susuyuN | fukjun | nogauri | wipe (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 349 | nogojuN | wipe (vt) | pc | niguujuN / nuguujuN / pukjuN | wipe (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 392, 401, 493 | suuruN | wipe (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 203 | fukun | susujuN | wipe (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 498 | | | fukun | fuki | fuku | NR | fukïm | NR | *fuk- | fukuŋ | NR | fuki | NR | NR | *puk- | huguŋ | *puk- | *puk- | NR | puk- meaning "to wipe" is attested in Edo era
次行 | | | nuguː | | | | nuguː | nuguː | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | susuin | | | | ssuriz | ɕuɕuːl | ssurun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
372
⬢wood | *kəi | ki | ki | | | | ki | ki | ki | ki | ki | ki | ki | | ki: | kɨ | khï(ï) | tree, wood | Osada & Suyama 1977: 783 | kɨɨ | tree | Uwano 2017b: 213 | hii | tree, wood | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 455 | kii | tree, wood | Nakasone 1983: 113 | kiː | kii | tree, wood | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 320 | kiː | kiː | kiː | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | *ke: | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | ki: | *ke: | ki: | *ke: | *ke: | ki2 |
373
⬢woods, forest | *yama | jama | jama | | | | jama | jama | jama | jama | | | | | yama | jama | jama | woods, forest | Osada & Suyama 1977: 899 | | | | jama | mountain, forest | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 601 | jamaa | mountain, forest | Nakasone 1983: 580 | jamaː | jama | woods, forest | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 275 | jama | jama | jama | yama | yama | yama | yama | yama | *yama | yama | yama | yama | yama | yama | *yama | da:ma | *yama | *yama | NR |
次行 | | | | | | | | | hayaɕi (rare, loanish) | | hayaɕi (rare) | hayaɕi | hayaɕi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
374
⬢wool | *wata | wata | ata | | | | wata | wata | wata | wata | wata | wata | wata | | wata | wata | watha | cotton | Osada & Suyama 1977: 264 | wataa | cotton | Uwano 1977: 10 | wata | cotton | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 633 | wataa | cotton | Nakasone 1983: 613 | wataː | wata | cotton | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 593 | bata | bata | bata ~ wata (loan) | bata | NR | wata | NR | bata | *wata | bada | bata | udzunu-bata | bata | batta | *bata | bata | *wata | *wata | wata |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʔuru | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pana | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | mumuin | mumin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
375
⬢work, vt | *patarak- | hataraʔ | hataraku | | | | hataraku | hataraku | hataraku | hataraku | | hataraʔ | hataraku | | pataratʃuN | hatarakjun | hatharakhuri | work | Osada & Suyama 1977: 663 | kɁibajuN | work | pc | kibajuN | work | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 165 | pataaracuN | work (vi) | Nakasone 1983: 390 | fatarakun | ɁagacjuN / hataracuN | work (v) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 103, 209 | pataraksɨ | pataraksɨ | patarakun | patarakï | pataratsï | pataratsï | patarakïm | patarakï | *patarak- | patarakuŋ | patarakuŋ | pataraguŋ | patarakuŋ | hataroŋ | *patarak- | hataraguŋ | *patarak- | *patarak- | NR | Not attested till Heian.
次行 | | | | | | | | gamadasu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | ɕigoto suʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
376
⬢worm | *mosi | muɕ | muːɕi | | | | muɕi | muɕi | muɕi | muɕi | muɕi | mui | muɕi | | wata | musɨ | mïmïzï | worm | Osada & Suyama 1977: 879 | mɨɨzja | worm | Uwano 2017b: 227 | miimizi | worm | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 551 | mimiiza / mimiNza | worm | Nakasone 1983: 544 | muɕi | wata | cotton | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 593 | musɨ | musɨ | muɕi | musï | musï | musï | musï | musï | *mosi | musï | muʃi | musï | musï | muʃi | *mosi | dagu | *mosi | *mosi | musi |
377
⬢wound, n | *kensu | kiz | kizu | | | | kirikizu | kizu | kizu | kidzu | kidzu | kidzu | kidzu | | kizi | kˀidzɨ | kizï | wound (n) | Osada & Suyama 1977: 212 | kʔizɨɨ | wound (n) | Uwano 2018b: 150 | kizi | wound (n) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 161 | kizii | wound (n) | Nakasone 1983: 117 | kidʑi | kizi | wound (n) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 321 | kidzɨ | kidzɨ | kidʑi | kidzï | kidzï | ndari | kikï | kïdzï | *kezi | kidzï | kizi | kïdzï | kïntsï | kidzï | *kezï | kidi | *kezï | *kizï | ki1zu |
378
⬢wrap, vt | *tutum- | tsutsun | tsutsumu | | | | tsutsumu | tsutsumu | tutumu | tsutsumu | tsutsumu | tsutsun | tsutsumu | | sitʃimiN | | cïNmuri | wrap (vt) | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 339 | cɨNbjuN | wrap (vt) | Uwano 1977: 24 | cicimjuN | wrap (vt) | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 311 | hicimiN | wrap (vt) | Nakasone 1983: 433 | tɕitɕimun | cicimuN | wrap (vt) | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 145 | tsɨtsɨm | tsɨtsɨm | ssumun | tsïtsïm | tsïtsïŋ | NR | kïkïm | tsïtsïm | *tïtïm- | tsïtsïmuŋ | NR | sumuŋ | sitsimiruŋ | sïsumuŋ | *tutum- | NR | *tutum- | *tutum- | tutum- |
次行 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tsɨmbjun | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
379
⬢year | *təsəi | toɕ | toːɕi | | | | toɕi | toɕi | toɕi | toɕi | toɕi | toi | toɕi | | tusi | tusɨ | thusi | age, year | Osada, Suyama & Fujii 1980: 111 | tusɨɨ | age, year | Uwano 2018a: 142 | tusi | age, year | Kiku & Takahashi 2005: 353 | tusii | age, year | Nakasone 1983: 312-3 | tuɕiː | tusi | age, year | Okinawago Jiten 1966: 533 | tusɨ | tusɨ | tuɕi | tusï | tusï | tusï | tusï | tusï | *tosi | tusï | tusʃi | tutsï | tusï | tuʃi | *tosi | tuci | *tosi | *tosi | to2si |

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