Egg Sac Mass in Torrent

Fall-like TorrentEgg Sac Mass (kimurae)

A rapid stream for oviposition of the salamander Hynobius kimurae, inhabiting Hokujo, Hakuba-mura, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

(A) A torrent (water temperature = 7.8 C, water pH-data = 6.1-7.2), just flowing like a fall, at least in three places (photographed on 4 May 2006).

All organisms around the torrent were as follows:
H. kimurae:
(1) 4 males under a stone or among egg sac mass in the torrent,
(2) 1 unsexed individual in the torrent,
(3) 7 overwintering larvae in a flat place of the torrent,
(4) 1 pair of egg sacs, the adhesive tips of which were attached to a small stone (7 x 5 x 3.5 cm) in the torrent, 33.8 m upper from the 2005 oviposition site (22 and 24 embryos at the early neural-fold stage),
(5) 3 pairs of egg sacs, the adhesive tips of which were attached to a stone covered with mud in the torrent, 1.4 m lower from the 2005 oviposition site (9-27 embryos from the late neural-fold stage to the early tail-bud stage), and
(6) 8 pairs of egg sacs, the adhesive tips of which were attached to two stones covered with considerable amounts of gravel, hidden under the right bank of the torrent, 1.0 m lower from the oviposition site having the 3 pairs mentioned above (12-24 embryos from the late neural-fold stage to the early tail-bud stage);
Rana ornativentris:
(1) 9 juveniles in the torrent; and
Rana tagoi:
(1) 1 male in the torrent, and
(2) 1 juvenile among decaying leaves above ground on land 30 cm from the torrent.

(B) Egg sac mass (embryos at the late or elongated tail-bud stage) of H. kimurae, moved from the two hidden sites of oviposition to an open site in the torrent (water temperature = 8.4 C, water pH = 6.9) for examining developmental stages of embryos (photographed on 20 May 2006). At the time of examination, a seeming male of H. kimurae was dead above ground on land 30 cm from the torrent.

Accompanied Research Collaborators (alphabetical order): Iwao Hasegawa (Takefu, Fukui Prefecture), Masaichi Kakegawa (Tokyo Metropolitan Komatsugawa Senior High School), Fujio Kishi and Yuko Saikawa (Shirouma Association of Naturalists), and Koji Takada (Nagano Chausuyama Zoo).


Copyright 2006 Masato Hasumi, Dr. Sci. All rights reserved.
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