(A) A torrent, in which O. japonicus and Rana tagoi usually breed.

(B) A 1-yr old larva of O. japonicus in the torrent. This larva was characterized by a square-shaped head, black eye-lines, three pairs of external gills, black claws at the tip of the toes (enlargement of the right forelimb: upper left), and so on.

(C) A 2-yr old larva of O. japonicus in the torrent. At the time of observation, there were 20 or more larvae at one or two years old, but we could not find any 3-yr old larvae (judging roughly from their size-frequency distribution).

Accompanied Research Collaborator: Masako Nakano (Ecology Science, Co., Ltd.).